Womens Roles in the Odyssey - 1337 Words

Women play a significant role in the text that forms an important part of The Odyssey, an epic written by Homer in the 7th century B.C. Within the poem there are three basic types of women: the goddess, the seductress, and the good hostess/wife. Each role helps to create a different kind of element and is essential to the completion of the story. The first female in the Odyssey to be seen in full effect is the beautiful goddess. Although she is a supernatural being in all of the epic poem she is in a position to pity the mortals, which in turn puts in her a position to stay by Odyssey side to help him throughout his long journey back home. Athena is the most eminent example of this role; at the beginning of the book she is seen†¦show more content†¦But when Odysseus passed by them and escaped the great struggle the Seirenes were so distressed to see a man hear their song and escape that they eventually threw themselves into the ocean water and drowned. Kirke tries to seduce Odysseus before she helps him, and the beautiful Kalypso tempts him with sexual mentioning s and the value of having immortality. Kalypso never wanted to and will not release Odysseus to go home to Ithaca, until Athena comes to Odysseus s aid. It is the job of the hero to resist the temptation of the seductresses because if he does not then h e would have eventually been brought to his downfall. In direct contrast with the seductresses is the good hostess and wife of Odysseus, Penelope. Penelope is the most important of these womanly characters in the epic poem. She is the image of determination, prolongation and hoping for years before her husband Odysseus would return home to her and her son, Telemakhos. Even the intimidating suitors do not try to get her away from her devotedness. This actually is probably what kept the suitors wanting Penelope even more throughout the epic, when Odysseus was gone. Along with Penelope is Eurykleia who matches Penelope in her determination to her job as Telemakhos nurse. Nausikaa is also a good example of aShow MoreRelated Essay on Women in Iliad, Odyssey, and the Bible1544 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Women in Iliad, Odyssey, and the Bible Much is known of men in ancient civilizations, from the famous philosophers and mathematicians of Greece to the patriarchs and subsequent kings of the nation of Israel. It would seem, however, that history has forgotten the women of these times. What of the famous female thinkers of Ancient Greece, the distinguished stateswomen of Rome? What power did they hold? What was their position in societies of the distant past? A glimpse into the roles andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey begins by describing Odysseus, a â€Å"man of twists and turns† (Homer 1996: 1) showing that this book is focused on the men, rather than the women. Shortly after, the first description of any womanly figure is â€Å"bewitching† (Homer 1996: 2), which shows that as the epic progresses, the description of most female adversaries would be negative. In Hippolytus, Aphrodite begins by saying that she â€Å"treats well who revere her power† but â€Å"tr ips up those who are proud (averse) to her† (Euripides 2001:Read MoreThe Penelopiad Analysis958 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel ‘The Odyssey’ . In an interview, Atwood explained her beliefs on the gender roles surround The Odyssey thus incorporating this as well as other materials into ‘The Penelopiad’ by stating: â€Å"There is an argument that has been made quite thoroughly that The Iliad and The Odyssey were written by two different people, and that the person who wrote The Odyssey was a woman.’ Atwood then carries on to explain her argument stating how several people have made the argument of how ‘The Odyssey’ was writtenRead MoreWomen in the Odyssey by Homer Essay examples684 Words   |  3 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer encompasses a rather modern idea of women and their role for its time. Homer portrays women as creatures who are strong but are ultimately defeated. It is true that in most stories they are portrayed as being weaker, but the women in this poem are oddly strong or have a very strong presence. The three main examples are Calypso, Athena, and the Lotus Flower. Each of these examples has a predominant presence in The Odyssey making them sturdy objects. At first the goddess CalypsoRead Morecritical evaluation essay764 Words   |  4 Pageswhat they are really after; and what they are after, in common with all the rest of the struggling world, is freedom† (Eastman). The women’s rights movement had many women who fought for women’s rights, some of these women included Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott and many more. These women worked extremely hard as activist for women’s rights. The fight lasted for many years, but they day finally came and women got the right to vote and now they could begin. History.houseRead More The Role of Women in Ancient Greece as Depicted in Homer’s The Odyssey897 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Women in Ancient Greece as Depicted in Homer’s The Odyssey Women as Citizens For this informative report I will attempt to point out the roles women and how they are viewed in ancient Greece. I will then show how these views are present in Homer’s The Odyssey. How are women, goddess or mortal, conveyed in The Odyssey? The Odyssey was written around 700 BC during the Archaic period (750 – 550 BC). This was a time of great economical and social change in Greek history dueRead MoreEssay on Women In The Odyssey803 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature composed during the era when the Odyssey was written was directed by men. Woman characters were valued but the only participated in affairs when they had the permission of men. The men, for the most part, directed the womens lives. The themes used in literature were on the subjects that men would be interested in; combat; warriors, and rulers. Domestic affairs, for the most part, were not noted. There is a immense contrast between the Odyssey and other epic poetry of the period. ThereRead MoreHelen Of The And The Odyssey1342 Words   |  6 Pagesnarrator is constantly trying to fit her into the box created the legacy of Helen of Tory/Odyssey. However, Helen of Omeros’ strong will and personality and overall uniqueness is still able to shine th rough, despite the narrator’s biases, and we are able to see the individual differences between the two women and their connection to the evolution of Helen throughout history. We only catch a glimpse of Helen in the Odyssey, but Helen in Walcott’s Omeros is portrayed much deeper. The word/name Helen, in generalRead MoreLeda And The Swan Poem Analysis1260 Words   |  6 Pagesall, â€Å"Siren Song† by Margaret Atwood expresses the dullness and anguish that the sirens endured within the epic â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer. Atwood showcases the Siren’s loathsomeness as â€Å"I dont enjoy it here, squatting on this island, looking picturesque and mythical† (Perrines Literature 13-15). Overall, Atwood twisted the ideals that were once presented of the sirens within â€Å"The Odyssey†, so by expressing their dullness, it asserts a power towards the sirens and makes them more humanesque. Mainly presentedRead MoreSummary Of The Odyssey 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Senior IX English September 22, 2014 The Importance of Perspectives in The Odyssey and The Penelopiad Margaret Atwood writes in her novel The Penelopiad â€Å"I’ve chosen to give the telling of the story to Penelope and the twelve hanged maids...which focus on two questions that must pose themselves after any close reading of The Odyssey: what led to the hanging of the maids, and what was Penelope really up to?† The Odyssey tells the story of the long journey of Odysseus’s return home to Ithaca after

The Great Depression And The New Deal - 1177 Words

Abstract Throughout this paper I will be discussing how women, blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, were impacted by the Depression and the New Deal. I will also be discussing the long-term legacies of the New Deal and the major historical assessments that have been made of the New Deal. I will also be giving my thoughts and views on the assessments that have been made of the New Deal. The New Deal and Minorities The Great Depression was caused by the stock market crash in 1929. This stock market crash put the United Sates into the greatest economic crisis of its history. It affected everyone. Some people lost everything. â€Å"Between 1929 and 1932 an average of 100,000 people lost their jobs every week until some 13 million American s were jobless† (Davidson 2011). The New Deal, created by President Roosevelt, was a series of programs created for the U.S due to the financial crisis. These programs were created to promote economic recovery, create jobs, invest in public works, and civic uplift. All though the New Deal seemed like a good idea, it did not help everyone. At the time of the great depression, the bread winner among families was typically the man of the house, the father. Women were typically stay at home moms that managed the household budget. Due to all the layoffs, many fathers lost their jobs which made the typical household budget much tight er. Women had to do their best the stretch the money they had as much as they could. Although womenShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And The New Deal1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic collapse that occurred in the 1930s. It was a pivotal moment in American history. Its effects were not only felt in the United States, but spread worldwide. In response and as an attempt to rectify the calamity, President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched a set of federal programs called the New Deal. The New Deal was aimed at bringing about an end to the crippling Great Depression with the least amount of economic casualties in America as possibleRead MoreThe Great Depression : The New Deal853 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression brought many changes to the United States of Americas but the New Deal allowed for the protection of the entire nation. At first political leaders like Herbert Hoover, felt that the depression was only temporary and failed to comprehend the depth that the nation was in. Women and minorities began losing their jobs faster than men but soon when white men were walking down the streets searching for an opportunity. When Roosevelt took office in date he would address the depressionRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages1930s were a time of great suffering and uncertainty in the United States. The country was crippled by effects of the Great Depression; the result was a massive decline in jobs and economic stabi lity that dramatically impacted both rural and urban communities. Millions of Americans were out of work, unable to support their families. State organizations and charities were unable to meet the growing needs of the people and many were left to fend for themselves. The Great Depression brought with it aRead MoreThe New Deal : The Great Depression2088 Words   |  9 PagesAlexis Brucell History 17B Professor Dan Defoe 2 April 2016 The New Deal In the 1930s America was experiencing what was the Great Depression, â€Å"the worst economic disaster in American History† (Foner, 158). The economy had hit an all-time low and unemployment was at its peak. After elected, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s created the â€Å"New Deal†, and it was the greatest reform movement of its time. The New Deal provided a daring reform policy without starting a war or revolution. Even thoughRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal2393 Words   |  10 PagesIn the early 1920s, after the close of World War I a couple years earlier, Americans were seemingly prospering in their daily affairs. The nine-year span from 1920 to 1929 was filled with new and stirring changes; inventions, like automobiles powered by gas, innovative household appliances, like radios and vacuums, women’s suffrage, and more were taking off and changing the era. Companies were thriving in what was known as the Roaring Twenties. Stocks and production were greatly increasing too. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Great Depression and The New Deal 1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression and The New Deal The Great Depression first started as early as 1928, but did not affect the United States until 1929. The Great Stock Market crash started the event of the Depression here in America, but was not the main cause to why it happened. During the early stages of the depression, President Hoover failed to help the economy and continuedRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal On The Great Depression1355 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes, and urbanization; America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s and well through the 1930’s, America was faced with its greatest challenge yet; the 1929 stock market crash. It would be the end of the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the American government and its citizens were faced with a failing economyRead MoreThe Great Depression and the New Deal Essay example999 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal In response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt was ready for action unlike the previous President, Hubert Hoover. Hoover allowed the country to fall into a complete state of depression with his small concern of the major economic problems occurring. FDR began to show major and immediate improvements, with his outstanding actions during the First Hundred Days. He declared the bankRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal And Programs On The Great Depression1274 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of the New Deal and programs on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes,and urbanization..America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s well through the 1930’s, America was faced with it’s greatest challenge yet. The 1929 stock market crash was the end to the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the people and government were faced with a huge problem,a failing economy. PresidentRead MoreGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide1119 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide: Events Causes/Effects of the Great Depression: widespread banking failures. The banks invested people’s money in the stock market and created major losses. Goals of the New Deal- three goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform Causes of the Dust Bowl The Bonus Army The Crash of 1929 People Herbert Hoover- was the president at the start of the great depression. He was the republican nominee but he realized later

Winnie Free Essays

Kilye Harrelson Ms. Vogel British Literature 13 December 2010 Winnie the Pooh Christopher Robin. Owl. We will write a custom essay sample on Winnie or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rabbit. Kanga. Roo. Eeyore. Tigger. Piglet. Winnie the Pooh. Most Americans know who these characters are; they probably grew up reading about these characters at home or maybe even in school. These popular characters have been around for many years. Everybody has a favorite character in these stories that they can relate to in some kind of way. In the Winnie the Pooh stories, each character represents a different outlook on life and personality from which young readers can learn about other people and themselves. The only human character in the Winnie the Pooh stories is Christopher Robin. Christopher Robin is a young boy around eight years old. He is the son of Alan Alexander Milne the author of all the Winnie the Pooh stories. He has brown hair The characters in the Winnie the Pooh stories were originated from stuffed animals belonging to Christopher Robin. To me he is kind of like the hero in the story. Christopher often calls Pooh â€Å"silly old bear†(How Winnie The Pooh Works). When Pooh and the other animals are in trouble or in need of help, the animals know that Christopher Robin will always be there. He tries to solve his friend’s problems and he usually solves if not all but some of their problems. Christopher and his animal’s friends love to go on adventures in the Hundred Acre Woods where they live. Christopher is overall a true hero and a true friend. Owl is somewhat of a know-it-all in the stories. He’s kind of like a teacher or a professor. He tries to give useful advice and suggestions. His words of wisdom usually come back and bite him in the butt. He loves to read books that are going to make him wiser such as dictionaries and encyclopedias. When Pooh or one of the other characters go over to Owl’s house to get them to go away he often says â€Å"well I must get back to my encyclopedia† (Hoff 42). Owl will tell stories to guests and anyone who will listen. When he starts telling a story he tends to just go on and on. When he starts going on and on is usually when Pooh and the other animals will try and seek away. Owl can really be a real bore sometimes. He has the brains in the stories. He has the wisdom. Rabbit is always cranky and concerned that someone is going to mess up his beautiful garden. Tiger is usually the one that messes up his garden. He is very stubborn. Rabbit is very pushy and likes to make his own decisions. He is also a great speller compared to the other animals. He is very concerned about the important things in life. He happens to like a very serene life with no surprises. Although Tigger and Pooh bring him plenty of surprises. Rabbit loves gardening and his favorite thing to grow is carrots and other vegetables. He makes sure that he avoids Pooh during lunch time, so that Pooh doesn’t eat everything from his garden. Rabbit is very smart. He actually makes in clear in a conversation with Owl where he says â€Å"You and I have brains. The others have fluff†(Mander). He thinks he the smartest animal in the One Hundred Acre Woods. Rabbit and Owl are the only real animals in the story. The others are stuffed animals. Kanga is the motherly figure in the story. She is the voice of reason. She is the mother of a baby kangaroo named Roo. She is always very helpful. She comforts all of the other animals when they are feeling low or down about something. She is the fastest animal in the One Hundred Acre Woods. She carries her family in a pocket that is on the front of her body. She is always warning her son Roo about the dangers in the adventures that he goes on with Tiger and the other animals. Kanga is always saying â€Å"Now now Roo, you mustn’t do that dear† to which Roo mostly replies â€Å"But moma! † (Mander). She is always worrying about Roo getting hurt on all of the adventures he goes on. Kanga goes over to Pooh’s house to try and teach him how to jump. Kanga is very proud of her son Roo and the rest of the gang too. Roo is the youngest character in the story. His best friend is Tiger. He loves going on adventures with Tiger and all of the other animals. Roo and Tiger area always bouncing everywhere they go. Even though Roo knows better he is always getting into some kind of trouble. He is kind of a trouble maker when he’s with Tigger. He loves discovering new things in life. Don’t let his age fool you. He often expresses his thoughts that make him sound a lot wiser and older then he really is. He is kind of like a little kid in pre-school because, he is steady in trouble. Eeyore is my favorite character in the story. He is about three years old. He is a very gloomy donkey. He is hardly ever happy but his grumpiness might come from having a tail pined in his butt all of the time. Eeyore doesn’t see himself as gloomy. He just has low expectations. But he is a very lovable character. He is always losing his tail. He depends on his friends to find his tail. When his friends find it Christopher Robin has to fix his tail using a drawing pin. He is very intelligent but likes to keep to his self. He loves that his friends care enough about him to remember him on his birthday. He often says â€Å"Thanks for noticin’ me and â€Å"Oh well† (Mander). His house is always getting knocked over by someone or something mostly Tigger bounces them down. He spends most of his time trying to put it back together. He says â€Å"Ah, that’s why nobody’s bothered, I suppose. I thought perhaps they’d forgotten† (Hoff 17). Nobody ever helps him put his house back together. But he never says a word to anyone about it. Even though Eeyore might act like he’s helping just because there’s nothing else to do. Don’t under estimate him because he is always there for his friends. Tigger is kind of like the ADHD kid in the world today. He can never sit still. He is always moving around. He has black and orange stripes and a springy tail. Tigger loves to bounce â€Å"cause that is what Tiggers to best†(Mander). He bounces everywhere he goes. He is the one of the kind creature in the story because of his springy tail. Tigger and Roo are always going on adventures and getting into trouble. Tigger doesn’t mean to but he always messes up Rabbits garden. Tigger is always looking to make the best out of what life has to offer. The most wonderful thing about Tiggers is that â€Å"I’m the only one! â€Å"(Mander). Tigger is very hyperactive. He loves trying to help others with their problems. He also takes a lot of pleasure in being able to â€Å"unbounce† some of the other animals in the One Hundred Acre Woods(Mander). He has a very fun loving personality. Tigger is a one of the very loved animals in the One Hundred Acre Woods. Everybody loves him except for rabbit. He drives Rabbit insane. When Tigger finds out something exciting he can’t wait to go and tell his friends about it. Piglet is a very small little pink pig. He’s very shy and afraid of everything. But at the same time he is very brave. He always wears a long pink striped shirt. Piglet loves to go on adventures with his best friend Winnie the Pooh. He loves bright colors and balloons. But his favorite thing to do is blow dandelions. The first thing that Piglet utters when he gets up in the morning is â€Å"I wonder what’s going to happen exciting today? â€Å"(Mander). Piglet is very afraid of the dark. Whenever Piglet gets scared he often says â€Å"Oh, d-d-d-dear†(Meet the Characters). Even though Piglet is a â€Å"very small animal†, he will conquer his fears to help his friends (How Winnie the Pooh Works). Even though Piglet is so small He has a very big heart and loves all of his friends very much. Winnie the Pooh is a very friendly and loving bear. He goes by Pooh or Pooh bear. But Never by Winnie. he wears an old red shirt. Pooh loves honey with a passion. He spells honey â€Å"hunny†. He is always getting in to some kind of trouble trying to look for honey. If he ever runs out of honey he will go around and ask every single one of his friends if they have a jar. He tries to get honey from beehives also and bees always chase him for trying to take their honey. Pooh has very little brains and with tell you that himself. He does a lot of silly things. He is friend with everyone in the One Hundred Acre Woods. The first thing Pooh says when he wakes up in the morning is â€Å"what’s for breakfast†(Mander). He loves going on adventure with Christopher Robin, Piglet and all of the other animals. Pooh is always looking for â€Å"Hunny to Fill the Rumblee in his Tumblee†(Mander). Pooh is also a hero in a way. But when people think of Pooh, they think kind, loving, sweet, helpful, friendly old bear. At the end of all these wonderful stories Christopher Robin has to go off to school to learn the alphabet and how to write. School becomes important to Christopher Robin and he doesn’t have time to spend with Pooh and the other animals. His childhood was ending, but his friends did not change one single little bit. They understood that Christopher Robin had to go to school to learn so that he could come back and teach them new things. Such as the alphabet, reading, and how to write. But because the animals are true friends they did not get mad a t Christopher Robin for leaving them behind. I think that the lesson in these stories is that friendship is a very important thing in life that everybody needs. Everybody needs a friend that they know will be there through thick and thin. There are several other lessons in these stories. Like everyone has a hero or that everybody can conquer their fears. Everyone reads these stories when there little but when they get older they recognize the real meanings and lessons in the story. Works Cited Disney. Meet the Characters. 010. lt;http://disney. go. com/indexgt;. HowStuffWorks. Inc. How Winnie the Pooh Works. 2010. 1998-2010 lt;http://electronics. howstuffworks. com/how-winnie-the-pooh-works1. htmgt;. Mander, Keith. Characters from Winnie the Pooh. . 1998-2010 lt;http://www. just-pooh. com/100acre. htmlgt;. Mander, Keith. History of Winnie the Pooh. . 1998-2010 lt;http://www. just-pooh. com/history. htmlgt;. Shepard, Ernest H. The Tao Of Pooh. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1982. Wikstrom, Marilyn. Winnie-the-Pooh. 2010. 17 Nov. 2010 lt;http://web. ebscohost. com/lrc/detailgt;. How to cite Winnie, Papers

Gender Inequality and Taxable Income †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Gender Inequality and Taxable Income. Answer: Introduction To a student of Master of Professional Accounting, the main interest is to become an accounting professional. In this study, the research topic is about the gender inequality and taxable income in different types of sectors in Australia. The first part of this report includes the research background, research aims and the literature review. In the second part, the research methodology, findings, discussions and conclusions are discussed. Gender inequality can be defined as a situation in which men and women are not given equal preference. When a male member receives a treatment unequal to a female member, the problem of gender inequality arises (Giddenset al., 2016). Taxable income refers to the gross income earned by an individual or business organization on which payable tax amount is calculated (Blomquistet al., 2015). There is a very high gender segregation in the labor market of Australia in terms of industry and occupation. A pattern of this gender segregation exists from the past ten years. From the ancient times it has been seen that the society is male dominated. Though the degree of domination decreased with time, still the male members dominate the society and the females are given less priority than the males in all respects (Sharma, 2016). In the event of getting a job in any specific sector, more importance is given to the males. Priority is also given in excess to the males in terms of payment. Women do not always get the job they are qualified for and get a job of a much lesser rank due to gender inequality. Thus, they get less payment as salary than the men. Thus, it can be said that the inequality or gap exists on the basis of numbers, incomes and opportunities. Most of the sectors in Australia are dominated by males and thus they receive more opportunity and higher pay than the females. Research Aims and Objectives The aim of this research is to find out the relationship between the gender inequality and taxable income in Australia and also to compare the gender gap in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) by choosing different fields of employment like accounting, finance, media, etc. Thus, the research objectives can be stated as follows: To find the difference between number of males and females in different types of sectors and industries. To calculate the average taxable income of males and females according to different types of industry. To find the difference between average taxable income of males and females according to different types of sectors. It has been seen from various aspects that Australia still suffers from gender inequality (Lee Cooke Xiao, 2014). The sex discrimination commissioner of Australia, Kate Jenkins has carried out a survey by interviewing over 1000 women while travelling to different states over a period of six months. Three areas in the Australian society mostly lacked gender equality (Siboniet al., 2016). These are the economic security of the society, leadership positions of the individuals and violence against women. Several people of Australia are against this gender inequality and wants to improve this problem. On the other hand, there are still some people who do not feel that this is a problem for Australia (Adapa, Rindfleish Sheridan, 2016). The people of Australia are not working to rule out gender inequality at all. A large section of the people of Australia has the idea that gender equality has been achieved in Australia. Thus, there is no motivation among the Australian people to improve th is problem. According to studies developed by (Haynes, 2017), the participation of women in the accounting profession has been increasing considerably but it still has not exceeded the number of men. However, the management positions of the accounting professions are still predominated by men (O'Dwyer Colic?Peisker, 2016). They also receive a much higher pay than the women. Moreover, undergraduate accounting courses are in high demand by the females, though the predominance of prevails in the specialization courses. In another study conducted by Australia (2014), the participation of women in the accounting environment has increased considerably in the past 10 years. This increase in participation can be explained by the increasing number of admissions in the undergraduate accounting courses. Though there is growing participation of women in the profession, they are still provided with the assistant jobs and not the managerial jobs. Thus, the women are paid less than the men. OReilly (2015) has conducted a research in which he studied the factors that can explain the work-life balance of the accountants. According to his findings, extra hours of work affects the work-life balance of people. Most of the female accountants work as assistants. Thus, their hierarchical levels are lower than men. This explains the higher level of performance in women. According to history, there has been delays in progress of a firm with the inclusion of women in it. However, the participation of women in the labor market has been increasing considerably. Women have been offered careers with prestigious professions in posts such as management positions. Despite of this, there is a huge number of women who are still unemployed, have very poor work and are assigned for assistant activities (Haynes, 2017). Again, most of the leadership positions in the society are occupied by men. It has been assumed that women will not be eligible enough to lead the community properly. Men will be a lot better in working out at those positions. Though women had made huge progress in the managerial posts and the assistant posts, their access to the posts such as leadership is yet not that smooth. According to some past studies, suppose a company has to promote some of its events or products. The person who will be selected for promoting it is male in most cases. A women is less likely to get such an opportunity due to lack of experience which is a result of gender inequality. However, nowadays, the companies are a lot aware of these situations and they hire women in higher positions. Thus, these types of problems are less likely to happen nowadays. This discrimination between men and women is common in all types of industries and working sectors. Thus, it can be said that this discrimination can be seen in the accounting profession as well. According to a survey by OReilly (2015), women who have an average educational degree which is equal to that of men, receive an average pay less than that of men. This is a huge evidence for showing gender inequality. With all other factors such as size of the firm, years of serving the company, educational qualification and age of the employees being equal to men, it can be seen that the wages received by women is much lower than the wages received by men. This difference is clearly due to gender inequality or gender discriminality. Studies have also shown that, though the number of women having accounting qualification increases, the quality of the women accountants are never taken into consideration. The companies try to hire more men than women because they think that a woman cannot be as much dedicated towards work as a man. This is because women always have family issues which men are least bothered about. Thus, the concentration of women is less than that of men in any work and hence their performance decreases. Thus, men are given more priority than women (Adapa, Rindfleish Sheridan, 2016). Research Methodology The main aim of this research is to study the gender inequality between a man and a woman in the society in terms of the taxable income received by them. To run this analysis, data will be needed based on which analysis has to be done and some conclusions will be made. In this case, the data has been collected from the official Australian government website www.data.gov.au. The data in his case is collected from a website and not directly from the field of survey. In fact, no survey was conductedin order to collect the data. Thus, this type of data is known as secondary data. The data in this website is publicly available. The data has been collected from taxation statistics. In the website, this dataset is present under the title of Taxation Statistics 2014-15. The date of publishing this dataset in the website is 2nd of July, 2017. Thus, the time-period that is covered by the dataset is 2014-2015. The link from which the dataset will be available is given below: Under this link, a lot of datasets are available. From all the datasets, the dataset that is relevant to this study has been selected. Thus, the dataset on individual taxable return table number 5 has been selected and found to be appropriate to analyze the gender inequality in the Australian society on the basis of the taxable income earned by the people in different industrial sectors in Australia. The data collected from the government website is thus used for the analysis. The variables that are included in this dataset are quantitative variables. Number of individuals, taxable income of males, taxable income of females, all these are quantitative data. Thus, the dataset is a quantitative dataset. Since, all the variables involved are quantitative in nature, quantitative methods of analysis will be used to analyze the dataset statistically. Quantitative methods mostly deal with the measurements and the analysis of the measurements statistically, mathematically or numerically (Babbie Earl, 2012). The data collected in this case involves polls, surveys and questionnaires or by manipulating data already collected by some other sources and using them for the analysis (Muijs Daniel, 2012). Explanation of particular phenomenon is the main aim of the quantitative research methodology. It is usually done by gathering the data and then generalizing it across the topic of interest. The main aim is to establish a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. The research designs are of two main types descriptive and experimental (Creswell, 2013). Relationship or association between two variables is usually shown with the help of descriptive statistics. Causality of the topic is established by an experimental study (Brannen, 2017). In this context, descriptive statistical measures will be used to analyze the data. In the initial stage of analysis under taxation statistics 2014-15 there are many tables available related to different type of dataset. These all tables are on the basis of dataset of individuals, companies, trust, and partnership and so on. The individual tables are categorized from table 1- table 28. From all, individual taxable return table no. 5 is selected which provides the information of individual taxable income on the basis of different states and different type of industries in Australia. Under the dataset of individual taxable return table number 5, many variables are available like number of individuals, taxable income, Medicare levy, gross tax number, net tax and many others according to the different states and sectors of Australia. For the analysis, ACT is selected and under this all different types of industries are selected for the analysis of taxable income of male and female. The taxable income of male and female is divided by number of male and female who file the tax for the purpose of calculation of average taxable income. The difference helps to analyze the inequality of male and female according to income. Findings and Analysis It can be seen from the dataset that the number of females is less than the number of males in most of the types of industries. In industries such as retail trade, education and training, health care and social assistance, social services, more females are likely to be employed. There can be several reasons behind these. One of the basic reasons can be such that the companies do not consider women to be effective enough to serve their companies. In the agriculture, forestry and fishing industries, the number of females working is less than half the number of males. Thus, it can be said that the companies think that women will not be suitable for the purpose of agriculture, forestry or fishing. Agriculture involves staying in the field all day and cultivating lands. Women might not be able to do that all the time. In the forestry industry, women cannot take care of the woods. According to the companies, it is out of their expertise. Fishing involves going down to the sea and catch fish. Women might be good in cooking and homely work. They will not be good in these outdoor works. Thus, it can be said that men are given more preference in these kinds of jobs. Again, it can be seen that the average taxable income that are received by women in this industry are less than that of men. Thus, the companies do think that women cannot perform all the duties that the company requires but men can. Thus they are paid a much higher salary than that of the women. The manufacture industry also gives men priority than women. There are only 169 female employees in this industry whereas the number of male employees is 261, which is nearly double the number of female employees. In a construction industry, the number of female employees (67) is considerably negligible as compared to the number of males (2321). Thus, it can be said that the construction industry assumes that women are not at all suitable for construction work. Those who are employed receive a very less salary as compared to the ales and hence the average taxation income of women in this industry is less than that of males. In Wholesale trade, less females work than males. The number of females is half the number of male employees. According to the wholesale businessman also, this is not the right type of job in which women can show their expertise. In the Retail Trade the number of women employed (430) is a lot higher than that of males (275). Thus, it can be said that the retail trade sector is suitable for women. On the other hand, coming in terms of average taxable income, male employees earn a lot more than the females. Thus, though more females are working in this industry, they are not provided with proper salary. This has resulted in the lower income in females. Thus, in this industry also women are not given priority over men. In the case of other individuals, more women are there than men. In the top and lead industries men are given the highest priority in case of job and salary. Women are always downtrodden. They are not eligible for the jobs or for getting high salaries. Thus, most of the women run for being employed in small industries, names of which are not worth mentioning. Much of men do not work in those industries. Only the ones who do not get jobs in the top industries work for these small industries. Thus, the number of female employees is higher than that of men in these industries. The average taxable income is higher in males than females in all the types of industries. Only exception in the taxable income section was shown by the accommodation and food service industry. This is the type of industry women are most comfortable with. Thus, the income of women in this industry is more than that of men. Conclusions Thus, it can be seen clearly from the above analysis that women are not given priority in any industry. The industries in which more women are employed earns an average income much less than that of males. The only industry in which women earn more than men is the in the accommodation of food services and the construction industries. In a construction industry, though women earn more than men, the excess is very less. Thus, their salaries can be said competitive. In the food and accommodation sector, women earn considerably more than men. Thus, it can be said that the society does prioritize men more than women and there is a presence of gender inequality in terms of taxable income of the people. References Adapa, S., Rindfleish, J., Sheridan, A. (2016). Doing genderin a regional context: Explaining women's absence from senior roles in regional accounting firms in Australia.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,35, 100-110. Australia, G. C. (2014). An analysis of the gender wage gap in the Australian graduate labour market, 2013.Melbourne, Australia: Graduate Careers Australia. Babbie, F Earl, R.(2012). The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Blomquist, S., Kumar, A., Liang, C. Y., Newey, W. K. (2015). Individual heterogeneity, nonlinear budget sets, and taxable income. Brannen, J. (Ed.). (2017).Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Giddens, A., Duneier, M., Appelbaum, R. P., Carr, D. S. (2016).Introduction to sociology. WW Norton. Haynes, K. (2017). Accounting as gendering and gendered: A review of 25 years of critical accounting research on gender.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,43, 110-124. Lee Cooke, F., Xiao, Y. (2014). Gender roles and organizational HR practices: The case of women's careers in accountancy and consultancy firms in China.Human Resource Management,53(1), 23-44. Muijs, T. R. Daniel, S. (2012).Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd edition. London: Sage Publications. OReilly, J., Smith, M., Deakin, S., Burchell, B. (2015). Equal pay as a moving target: International perspectives on forty-years of addressing the gender pay gap. O'Dwyer, M., Colic?Peisker, V. (2016). Facilitating the professional transition of migrants in Australia: does gender matter?.Australian Journal of Social Issues,51(1), 47-66. Sharma, N. (2016). Gender Inequality in Australia Siboni, B., Siboni, B., Sangiorgi, D., Sangiorgi, D., Farneti, F., Farneti, F., ... de Villiers, C. (2016). Gender (in) accounting: insights, gaps and an agenda for future research.Meditari Accountancy Research,24(2), 158-168.

Monsoon in Pakistan free essay sample

Monsoon originates from Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea and then it travels to Indian Subcontinent. 7. Monsoon Path. Due to pressure difference over land and ocean winds start to blow from Southern Oceans to northern land. Under the influence of pressure gradient force and geostraphic force ultimately taking a South West direction. The phenomenon of monsoon is similar to that of sea breeze but it occurs on a very large scale. These South West moisture laden winds due to the southward protruding kink of India are then divided into two currents:- a. The Arabian Sea Current. These winds enter India from south west of India.The first area where monsoon strikes India is Kerala district (Western Ghats) and goes till central India conceding intense rains. b. The Bay of Bengal Current. These winds go to bay of Bangal and from there it enters Bangladesh and India. After blowing to North, it is stopped by the great Hamalayas from blowing it further north. We will write a custom essay sample on Monsoon in Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here these winds and the Arabian Sea winds join and blow to west resulting in monsoon in Pakistan. 8. Trigger Actions. Monsoon winds by them selves are not capable to give any precipitation. They need to be lifted up by some trigger actions to form clouds.Once lifted, they produce huge heap type clouds (Cumulus and cumulonimbus) with lots of moisture in them. Trigger actions are: a. Orographic Uplift. The marked influence of orography on monsoon precipitation pattern may be observed on Western Ghats, where a mountain range of 6000 ft – 7000 ft uplifts the moisture laden Arabian Sea current to sufficient height, required for condensation, and give plenty of rain fall on the wind ward side of Western Ghats. Now some portion of same current also reach the Thar Desert and Karachi but they get very rare rains because there is no Orographic uplifting there.The North and North Eastern parts of Pakistan Punjab (up to Rawalpindi / Islamabad) also get monsoon precipitation due to orography of the Himalayas and Hindu Kush ranges. b. Convection. As these moisture laden winds blow over the hot surface they become warm themselves, so as a result they start to rise up to form individual heap clouds. It is a common observation in summers that cumulus clouds are formed in the noon which grow with surface heating and ultimately turn in to CBs to give thunder storms in the afternoon. These clouds gradually dissipate in the evening due to fall of temperature. . Wind Convergence. Some times local convergence of winds takes place, which up lifts the air sufficiently to form Convective clouds (Cumulus and Cumulonimbus). This local convergence, not being associated with any pressure system, may occur at any time during the day or night and give precipitation. It is very difficult to forecast this phenomenon. 9. Factors Controlling Movement of Monsoon a. Low Over Tibet Plateau. The Tibet plateau is a 200 KM long, 1000 Km wide block of high ground over which a low forms in summers. This plays a major role in the rapid arrival of monsoon in June.In a simplified way it can be said that Tibetan low is responsible for sucking in the monsoon to deeper (Northern) parts of subcontinent. b. Himalayas. Had it not been for East / West belt of Himalayas and Hindukush ranges the monsoon would have never reached Pakistan. These ranges play two roles, not only they deflect the currents towards Pakistan but also provide Orographic up lift due to which Pakistan’s northern parts get monsoon precipitation. c. Sub Tropical Jet Stream. This is a westerly jet stream between 28 33 degree North latitudes, found at approximately 30,000 feet. Although in April/ May monsoon winds are established but their northward surge is hindered by this jet stream, however in early June this jet stream moves northward to 40 degree North latitude so only then winds travel to northern parts of subcontinent. 10. Time Span of Monsoon. The monsoon season is divided into three periods:- a. Pre monsoon Period. This is an interim period from April till June. A low or a secondary low develops over Balochistan. Due to surface heating temperatures all over the country rise and pressures fall. The atmosphere becomes unstable and thunderstorms occur frequently.The activity is more frequent in the Northern and Western parts of the country with dust storm in the Southern parts. Temperature increases to 21 to 37 degree Celsius in the North and 45 to 50 degree Celsius in the plains. (1)Monthly Climatic Conditions (a)April. Rain/ thunderstorms are frequent, particularly in the northern parts of the country. Few dust storms also occur in this month. (b)May. Temperatures increase all over the country. Dust storms are quite frequent, thunderstorm and rains also occur. Visibility associated with dust storm reduces considerably.There are number of occasions when the visibility is less than 500 meters. On some occasions visibility is reduced to less than 100 Meters. (c)June. It is the period of maximum instability. Frequency of dust storms is more. Poor visibility, associated with dust in suspension (DIS) prevails over the plains of Sind, Punjab and Balochistan. Maximum temperatures are seen in this month. b. Mosoon Period. This is a period from July to September. The activity of hail and thunderstorm is more over the hills in the northern and western areas whereas the dust storms are more pronounced over the plains of Punjab, Sind and Balochistan.The average rainfall during this period in the northern parts ranges between 25 to 75 millimeter and in the southern parts 05 to 25 millimeters. (1)Monthly Climatic Conditions (a)July. Sialkot is the first district to receive monsoon and is followed by Gujranwala, Lahore and Rawalpindi divisions. Severe thundery activity, accompanied by rain, is a normal feature. The visibility remains 6 to 10 km, except during rain, when it may fall to less than 2 km. (b)August. This is the month of intense rainfall, particularly, in the upper parts of Punjab. Water level rises in the rivers and frequently floods occur.Visibility remains 5 to 7 km. (c)September. Monsoon starts to withdraw during this month. Frequency of rainfall decreases. Visibility remains 5 to 7 km. c. Post Monsoon Period. Post monsoon period is the driest of all the seasons. By this time monsoon has withdrawn completely. While the westerly waves are moving further north of Pakistan mostly along the central Asian States. Prolonged dry spell with some isolated rains over the northern areas is the common characteristic of this period. (1)Monthly Climatic Conditions (a)October. This month generally marks the end of the monsoon in Pakistan. Fair weather generally prevails.There are a few occasions of thunderstorm in the northern parts of the country. Visibility is often poor in the morning due to smoke haze/ dust. (b)November. Weather is generally good though the occasions of poor visibility due to dust or smoke haze are more than October. 11. Flying Hazards. Effects of monsoon on flying are:- a. Beware of sudden local development which can take place any where and at any time. Must check weather forecast before commencement of flying. b. Turbulence tends to increase and if severe, may make control of the aircraft difficult. Altimeter may give erroneous readings and gyro-operated flying instruments may topple. . Lightning may make small holes in the aircraft and cause false magnetic compass readings. Do not fly in 20 nautical miles radius of thunderstorm. d. Heavy hail may cause structural damage. Do not fly when rain or hail is forecasted. Do not park aircrafts in open. e. Ice formation in cumulonimbus clouds may be severe though usually short-lived and normal icing condition such as airframe and engine icing may occur. Cumulonimbus clouds must be avoided. f. Severe turbulence below/ within clouds and in the vicinity of cumulonimbus clouds. g. Sharp pressure change may occur. Must check and apply QNH before landing. h.Overcast conditions with low and medium clouds. Must get weather forecast specially the cloud base and radar picture for precipitation. i. Mixture setting gets disturbed, and if not adjusted can lead to engine quital. 12. Conclusion. After having studied the phenomenon of Monsoon in Pakistan, you all must be clear about its development, travel and weather conditions during monsoon. Its not only in Rahwali but after you all graduate from this place wherever you go must keep in mind hazards associated with monsoon. Never take chance with weather in flying as it might prove to be dangerous/ hazardous. Fly safe and best of luck.

18 Pieces of Publishing Advice From Our Authors

18 Pieces of Publishing Advice From Our Authors 18 Pieces of Publishing Advice From Our Authors For the past two years, this blog has been home to the From Our Authors series: articles penned by authors on the Reedsy Network. They've kindly shared their publishing experiences with their fellow writers, filling us all in on what has worked (and not worked) for them. Straight from this well of knowledge, we've handpicked the 18 best pieces of advice from our authors.Thoughts on Writing1) Amanda Wills: There are two types of writers - Plotters and Pantsers â€Å"If you plan your novel to the nth degree before you type a single word, you’re a Plotter; if you sit at your computer, take a deep breath and fly by the seat of your pants, you’re a Pantser. There are pros and cons to both: Knowing exactly what’s coming next means that Plotters are less likely to suffer from writer’s block. Pantsers, on the other hand, have the freedom to let their characters take control, which can be both terrifying and exciting at the same time. However, be warned, Pantsers: editing will be especially important for you in order to spot plot continuity problems.†2) Frank Warsh: How reading comic books can enhance your storytelling skills "Maybe the goal of the story is plot-driven - setting up a story arc of Batman coming into conflict with the police and justice system. Maybe the goal is character-driven, and Batman’s increasing violence is a sign of repressed childhood memories. Maybe it’s both. The point is that comic books provide a ready-made template for breaking down your story into well-circumscribed chapters or â€Å"beats." success@reedsy.com and maybe our next round-up will feature nuggets of wisdom from you!

The Task Force for Corrections Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Task Force for Corrections - Term Paper Example These approaches have been proven ineffective because they ignored the empirical evidence on what effects offender change. As Latessa, Cullen & Gendreau (2002) note, these practices are examples of â€Å"correctional quackery.† Second, after reviewing existing evidence, the report recommends that rehabilitation should be Ohio’s guiding correctional theory. In this regard, this report initially examines the limits of competing approaches. Following this discussion, the case for reaffirming rehabilitation is presented. The principle of just deserts and retribution should be sufficient to deter an offender from committing a crime. This is not saying that incarceration is an effective deterrent to crime or offending. The fact that crimes and offending have been increasing despite the punishments and incarcerations associated with crimes and offending should be adequate enough to show that incarceration has a limited effect on deterrence. According to Muhlhausen (2010), the principle of deterrence seeks to make crimes costly so fewer crimes can occur. On examining the incarceration data of 1972-1993, however, Lynch concluded (1999, p. 359) that imprisonment provides â€Å"no evidence of deterrence at the aggregate level for the US† on crimes (1999, p. 359). According to Lynch (1999), the conclusion remained true even if cross-sectional analysis are used for crime and imprisonment trends for 1980 through 1991. Rehabilitation focuses on the character of the offender. Both offenders and non-offenders alike live in a society where they are not observed 100% of the time. Control-oriented programs do not change the character of the offender. On this alone, control-oriented supervision programs will fail as supervisors lose control over the offender, especially after having served prison time. The principle right after just desert and retribution cannot be incapacitation because incapacitation is adequately covered in the principle of just deserts

Gender Socialization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Socialization - Research Paper Example Toddlers and elementary-aged youths have not yet reached this level of self-awareness in terms of identifying with their social environment, thus the clothing is more streamlined than with the unique patterns and styles available for older youths in their adolescent years. For teenagers and preteens, much of the clothing available did not exhibit any noticeable sexuality aspects other than the short skirts available for teenaged girls. Â  The toys available were generally the same across the shelves, except for those more masculine toys for teenagers that included military-garbed action figures while young girls were being exposed to promotional products that included make-up, homemaker accessories, and other feminine-minded products adorned in pink and light blue packaging. At the bookstore, most of the products were similar for boys and girls until reaching the section for older teens that were more themed related to gender, such as books by Judy Blume that dealt with identify for mation for girls related to their sexual development and curiosity about their bodies. Â  Consumer products, based on the research, seem to group children into appropriate gender roles, only after they have reached the elementary age and seem to carry more depth related to socially acceptable gender roles after they have reached early adolescence and beyond. There is definitely a trend that indicates consumer products expect more gender segregation for the preteen and teenaged children, toys and books for younger children.

Reflective journal (topic ) improve communication in organization Essay

Reflective journal (topic ) improve communication in organization - Essay Example I will analyze the topic in context to its contribution to my present professional profile while in second part, I will prepare as guideline to improve my communication skill in order to become manager and/or leader that I desired to be. During the degree program and professional life, I have faced a critical situation in the workplace due to failure of communication system. Although, we overcame the situation but the circumstances has proved the importance of intra-level communication within organization. During the classroom program, our teachers gave significant importance on role of interactive communication while during my professional life; I witnessed the importance of communication in stating the organizational mission, vision to stakeholders and combining them altogether to improve performance. Such incidents and lesson of our professors have influenced me to select communication style as key agenda in this essay. Theoretical Aspects Careful consideration of the research wor ks of McShane & Travaglione (2007) and Reece, Brandt & Howie (2011) reveals the fact that it is very important to manage relationship with internal or external stakeholders within organizational hemisphere. ... While doing research on knowledge sharing, Makela & Brewster (2009) found that there can be three types of communication flow, such as 1- horizontal communication between members in the similar organizational level, 2- vertical communication between top level employee and subordinates and 3- diagonal communication between cross functional groups. All three of these communication channels are needed to be embedded in order to ensure transparent sharing of information, understanding of organizational objectives and knowledge sharing. Chow & Liu (2007) argued that a particular organization or individual can use multiple communication styles in order to communicate the business objectives or influence the behavior of subordinates. For example, organizational leaders might use the combination of communication style, personality and interpersonal skills in order to influence behavior of subordinates. Chow & Liu (2007) gave examples of organizations that are struggling due to mainly three i ssues such as, 1- absence of leadership skill, 2- absence of formal or informal communication channel and 3- lack of knowledge sharing between team members or organizational members. In such circumstances, doubt may arise whether there is any link exists between leadership and communication style or not. In the next section, I will describe one particular incident that has improved my understanding about importance of communication style in the workplace. Real Life Circumstances I have worked in a service firm and to be honest, I enjoyed the organic structure and flexible work culture of the organization. However, I found that there is lack of transparency exist in the communication style of the management. I was handling the responsibility of customer relationship

Strategy used in dialog broadband

Strategy used in dialog broadband Strategy used in dialog broadband Executive Summary Dialog Telekom group is the leading telecommunication service provider in Sri Lanka. Their main goal is to be the best and the largest mobile telecommunication provider in Sri Lanka. Dialog Telekom was established in 1995. This company is one of the largest listed companies in Colombo stock exchange and its a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad. To be the leading telecommunication provider in Sri Lanka its not easy. They provide their customers with a wide range of services like Dialog TV, Dialog CDMA, Dialog Broadband and Dialog Mobile connection. Specially involve in a competitive industry. As for they various types of services provided by, Dialog Telecom, they operate as a separate division for Dialog Broadband which is our area of our research project. Dialog Broadband goal is to provide their customers with the best product in the market at a low cost, but not the least cost at a high service rate. Currently they have proudly achieved this by making sure that they provided their customers with the best service. At this rate it means more customers is equal to more company profit. Dialog Broadband expands their services into a wider range. Broadband internet, WiMax technology, WIFI technology and the Unlimited mobile broadband. They targeted the 500,000(approximately) 3g users in the country, dividing the market into two sections, Student and the General mass. Accordingly fixing separate price ranges to the appropriate segment, and a wide range of connection packages to them, and launched the Unlimited mobile broadband connection to them. In this report i will be discussing how to promote the Unlimited mobile broadband connection in the competitive market with the use of strategic management. Introduction Purpose of Report The purpose of this report is to fulfill the requirements to complete the BIS3324 module. Topic and company chosen for the research The company I have selected for the research project was Dialog Broadband, and the topic I have chosen is The use of strategic management for promoting Dialog Mobile Broadband connectivity in the competitive market. Introduction to Dialog Broadband. Dialog Broadband is a Strategic business process unit of the Dialog Telecom Group, providing fixed telephony solutions, data networks, and broadband internet and coverage solutions. Dialog Broadband major products such as Broadband internet, WiMax technology, WiFi technology and the Unlimited mobile broadband. Ø Broadband internet Dialog Broadband draws on its far reaching infrastructure to bring the Internet direct to a users home or office. Ø Wimax technology This world-class technology enables scalable, carrier-class solutions to support thousands of users with a single base station, while providing differentiated service levels. WiMax is fast becoming the standard for the provision of broadband solutions worldwide. Ø WiFi technology Wi-Fi allows your business to deploy a network quickly, at lower cost, and with greater flexibility than a wired system. Productivity increases since workers can stay connected longer, and are able to collaborate with their co-workers as and where needed Ø Unlimited Mobile Broadband Dialog Mobile Broadband is Internet on your mobile its fast, and affordable. HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access. This technology literally brings high-speed access to users on the go. To access the world of streaming video, music, downloads, news and communication, simply get on the HSPA network. All you need is an HSPA modem and a data connection. Ø Description of Unlimited Mobile Broadband Dialog Mobile Broadband is Internet on your mobile its fast, and affordable. HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access. This technology literally brings high-speed access to users on the go. To access the world of streaming video, music, downloads, news and communication, simply get on the HSPA network. All you need is an HSPA modem and a data connection. Dialog offers Unlimited Mobile Broadband for a monthly rental of just Rs. 2,990/-. Sign up for 6 months and be eligible to purchase an E220 HSPA modem for Rs 5490/-. Monthly fee entitles customer to broadband usage of unlimited duration and unlimited data volume (download/upload) however subject to a Fair Usage Policy (FUP) whereby download/upload speeds would be reduced relative to their maximum levels following monthly usage exceeding 5GB. The FUP is designed to ensure that the service received by the vast majority of our customers is not negatively impacted because of extremely heavy usage by a very small minority of customers. Technology HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access. This technology literally brings high-speed access to users on the go. To access the world of streaming video, music, downloads, news and communication, simply get on the HSPA network. All you need is an HSPA modem and a data connection. Evolution 2g (sms) >> GPRS >> Edge >> 3g >> HSPA The evolution defines the connection level provided to the user, this depends on the number of users connected to a particular tower in a given area. The more the users connect to the tower, it shrinks the connection speed, but it does mean the customer will not get any connectivity, but the user will get a connection of a GPRS speed. 3G the Third Generation of wireless communication technology that allows you to enjoy a more seamless and magical General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enabled networks offer always-on, higher capacity, Internet-based content Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is an extension to GPRS, EDGE allows faster data speeds enabling faster Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a world wide standard in the mobile telecommunication industry that lets you access Mobile Messaging is evolving beyond SMS text messaging with the introduction of MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) Short Message Service available on digital GSM networks allowing text messages of up to 160 characters User policy and Product Service The customer will experience 7.2Mbps download and 2Mbps Upload speed up to usage of 5GB. Once usage passes ahead of 5GB, the quality of service will be downgraded to download a speed of 384kbps and upload a speed of 64kbps and will continue for the next 1GB usage. Beyond 6GB the quality of service will be downgraded to download a speed of 64kbps and upload a speed of 16kbps. Online Research I have found the details from Dialog official website. Sales report Product description What are the strategies they are using? Strategy information Rogers Diffusion , Ansoffs Matrix Price comparison between Dialog and Mobitel. Strategies used in Dialog Broadband to promote the product Strategy Rogers Diffusion Curve Rogers Diffusion is defined as the communication process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market, while the rate of diffusion is defined as the speed that the new idea spreads from one consumer to the next. Adoption, which is similar to diffusion, also deals with the psychological decision making processes of the individual, rather than those of an aggregate market. Rogers showed that a diffusion process in a social system follows an S-Curve in which the adoption of a technology begins with slow change, is followed by rapid change and ends in slow change as the product matures or new technologies emerge. He also held that people adopt new technological innovations at different times and at different rates. He then used the varying rates of adoption to distinguish different phases in the diffusion process allowing practitioners to assess such things as the life of a new product or service and the application of the correct set of marketing activities at the appropriate time. This process tracked through the diffusion curve is a decision-making process where an individual passes from the initial knowledge of an innovation to forming an attitude toward the innovation, to a decision to accept or reject it, then it implements the use of the new idea, and finally to confirmation of this decision. The increasing number of adopters follows the above mentioned S-shaped curve. The number of newly converted adopters plotted as a frequency histogram against time follows a bell-shaped Gaussian curve where the number of new adopters rises until halfway the S-curve after which their numbers decrease, To make the model actionable, Rogers introduced innovativeness the degree to which an individual is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than other members in a social system. Rogers Distinguished Adopters 1. INNOVATORS Innovator first 2.5% of adopters are brave and educated. They have several sources of information and show greater tendency to take risks. They will be thankful for technology for its own sake and are motivated by the idea of being a change agent in their reference group, they are willing to accept initial problems that may accompany new products or services and are willing to make shift solutions to such problems. 2. EARLY ADOPTERS The next 13.5% of adopters are Early Adopters. They are the social leaders, popular and educated. They are the visionaries in their market and are looking to accept and use new technology to achieve an innovative breakthrough that will achieve competitive advantage in their industries. They are attracted by high-risk, high-reward projects and are not that expensive because they imagine great gains in competitive advantage from adopting a new technology. They usually demand personalized solutions and quick-response, highly qualified sales and support. 3. EARLY MAJORITY After Early adopter the next is 34% of adopters are formed by the Early Majority. They are deliberate and have many informal social contacts. Slightly looking for revolutionary changes to gain productivity enhancements in their firms and they are motivated by evolutionary changes. They have three principles in adopting of new technology they are: When it is time to move, lets move all together: This means when adoption increases so rapidly in the diffusion process and causes a landslide in demand. When we pick a vendor it will lead us to the new model, let us all pick the same one: This means which firm will become the market leader. Once the transition starts, the earlier we get it over with, the better: This shows why the transition stage occurs rapidly. 4. LATE MAJORITY Then 34% of adopters are the Late Majority. They are doubtful, traditional and low socio-economic status. They are aware of price and require completely preassembled, bulletproof solutions. They are encouraged to buy technology just to stay even with the competition and often rely on a single, trusted adviser to help them make sense of technology. 5. LAGGARDS Finally the 16% of the adopters consist of Laggards. Laggards are technology doubters who want only to maintain the status. They tend not to consider that technology can enhance productivity and are likely to block new technology purchases. Rogers model has found wide appeal and application such as marketing and management science. The most important aspect about this model is the Bass Diffusion Model where new innovations are created by the interaction of current and potential users is described mathematically. Rogers diffusion Curve with the Dialog Product (HSPA) Talking about Rogers Diffusion curve with the dialog product, at the early stage before the product release, Dialog selected the Colombo Metropolitan area as their main target for the product launch, with the help of their Informations systems they were able to identify Five hundred thousand Dialog 3g users in this area. This identified target consists of two major segments The General Mass and the University Students. Referring to figure 1.0 shows the state of this process. This selected set of two is guaranteed to take the risk of using the new technology, which defines the Innovators curve in the diagram. Theses adopters are a portion of 2.5%. They are ready to face all the limitations that may accompany new products or services and to make shift solutions to such limitations. The next move along the curve will be towards the Early Adopters stage, which defines the product moving is moving towards the society. The society at this stage will be willing to adopt the new technology; this is the current position in which Dialog Broadband is standing now. It is in a much more competitive position than their competitors. This stage the company is offering their customers attractive rewards and very sensitive prices to gain competitive advantage. They look at the solutions to overcome the problems so that they wont face any difficulties in the future. They will even have better marketing strategy such as improved customer services, pricing and high turnover. As for time to come Dialog Broadband will encounter the stage Early Majority , when they move their sales to the outskirts of Colombo, people will have a evolutionary change with the enhancements in productivity and Technology. Figure 2.0 shows the state when the product is spread through society, the early adopters selects the technology first, followed by the majority, until a technology or innovation is common amongst the people. Dialog Broadband will have to keep improving the product to remain in the S-Curve. If not they will shift to the Late Majority stage, where the people with less social status who are price concerned, they buy the product only when its cheap. And finally going into the LAGGARDS stage, which be when people will be using the HSPA just to maintain their status quo. Strategy Ansoffs Matrix The Ansoff Product-Market Growth Matrix is a marketing tool which helps the business to make a decision and to work on their product and market stratigy. This will help the marketers to improve and will help the organizations to know what sort of actions should be taken to their business in the present or future markets. There are four types of strategies in this matrix. They are: * Market penetration (existing markets, existing products): This takes place when a company enters a market with current products. To achieve this there are so many ways such as by gaining competitors customers, attracting the customers who are not using your product or service, informing the current customers to use more of your product or service and you can advertise or do promotions about your product or services. When a company is growing understanding the market is the low risk which is involved in that. There are four objectives market presentation should be looked in to. They are, Secure area and expansion market Increase usage by existing customers Maintain and increase the share of the current market Restructure of growing up competitors and send them out. * Product development (existing markets, new products): This means when a organization introduces its new product into present market. For example, KFC is always within the fast-food industry, but very often it markets new products such as Twister, Double down chicken sandwich. When a firm introduces new products into the market, it can gain new customers for these products. Therefore new product development can be a key business development strategy for a company to stay competitive in the market. * Market development (new markets, existing products): A recognized product in the market can be changed or targeted to a different type of customers, as a strategy to earn more income for the organization. A very good example is, in the beginning Lucozade marketed for sick children and then rebranded to target the people who are involved in sports as energy drink. * Diversification (new markets, new products): Diversification is an organization which introduces new product in a new market. For example, Virgin Group which is in UK introduced Virgin Cola, Virgin Megastores, Virgin Airlines, and Virgin Telecommunications, to leverage the Virgin brand. This company entered new market which was not in the market previously. This strategy is a risk for the company because it is entering the market which doesnt have any experience. The matrix show, when the risk increases more the strategy goes up from the known quantity in the present product or service and market. Therefore higher risk will be involved in product development and new market other than present and future product and market. In his original work, Ansoff didnt use the matrix form, Igor Ansoff said that the diversification (future product and future market) strategy was apart from the other three. While the latter are usually followed with the same technical, financial, and merchandising resources which are used for the original product line, diversification usually requires new skills, new techniques, and new facilities. As a result it almost invariably leads to physical and organizational changes in the structure of the business which represent a distinct break with past business experience. For this reason, most marketing activity revolves around penetration; and the Ansoff Matrix, despite its fame, is usually of limited value although it does always offer a useful reminder of the options which are open. Ansoffs Matrix with the Dialog product When talking about the product Dialog broadband released 2 months ago, the HSPA device, it is the second product to enter into the market of wireless internet connection. First to launch was their main competitor Mobitel with a similar type of product. Dialog broadband waited eight months after their competitor launched the product to release their product. For a company like dialog that has a very high market for its current products, focused on their new product the HSPA, to cater to the current market, they came up with the HSPA as new product into the market which was created by their competitor by improving the product itself in terms of technology with much more connectivity and broadband facilities to their customers. Whenever new products are released it tends to it can gain new customers for these products. This stage they entered into the market was the stage of Market development in the Ansoffs Matrix, they are competing with their rivals giving more facilities to their target sector of customer. Setting more reasonable price according to the catered segment. In order to compete with their competitors Dialog broadband must provide better pricing schemes, promotion offers, and target a specific group of customers. If a company needs to stay competitive in the competitive market it should use product development as their business development strategy. How Competition is done Companys Environment is supported to market the Mobile HSPA Dialog Telekom has grown to become Sri Lankas flagship telecommunications company. Operating in an oligopolistic market (mobile telecommunications in Sri Lanka), the company operates Dialog GSM, the countrys largest mobile phone network. Dialog was the first to introduce the concept of GSM in to Sri Lanka and has thereafter reinforced itself with technologies such as GPRS and 3G. Dialog has also managed to invest sufficiently into its network in order to grid a majority of the populated areas in Sri Lanka. Due to this significant investment in its base stations, Dialog Telekom provides the widest cellular coverage in the country. The company boasts 6 switching centers and 625 base stations covering 85% of all habited areas in the island. The Companys subscribed base account for (approximately) 60% of the countrys mobile sector and 40% of total telecommunication subscribers. When you consider the environment, the Dialog has competition like any other company. Main competitor is Mobitel. Mobitel is providing the HSPA Broadband Connection but the price and the customer base of mobitel they cannot compete with dialog Dialog takes a new step into the market, every time with a strategy that is very tactful. For the past 12 years Dialog has been leading the Sri Lankan Mobile Telecommunication market. Their main strategies are focused on, Captured Customer share Market Competition Increasing Market Share Locking Competition 1. Captured Customer Share Dialog GSM for the past decade has been valuing the customers as the King. Dialog also well known for showing Customer Satisfaction has been banking on it. Dialog Sathkaraya a new banner under which Dialog markets on Customers Relationship. This is in keeping with their Vision that To lead in the provision of technology enabled connectivity touching multiple human sensors and faculties, through committed adherence to customer driven, responsive and flexible business processes, and through the delivery of quality service and leading edge technology unparalleled by any other, spurred by an empowered set of dedicated individuals who are driven by an irrepressible desire to work as one towards a common goal in the truest sense of team spirit. (Dialog Telekom) 2. Market Competition Having 7million mobile users in the country, Dialog Telecom is maintaining a customer base of 4million users, and 500,000 3g uses in the country, with 50,000 in the Colombo Metropolitan. Their competitor contains 2million users and a small amount of 3g users, at this rate Dialog is having a heavy customer base which gives them an advantage when selling the product to them. 3. Increasing Market Share It is expected that the Dialog will be in a position to sustain their market share which is about 60% of the countries mobile sector market. The Dialog has already brought in a substantial reduction in their rates and services with a view to attract more customers as their competitor launched it 8months before them. This strategy would definitely show tangible results towards expanding their market share. 4. Locking Competition The Dialog has been the leader in providing mobile telecommunication services in Sri Lanka, having a market share of 60%. So, the balance 40% is being shared by three operators namely, Mobitel, Tigo and Hutch. These three operators are not in a position to compete with Dialog for the simple reason that the Dialog has advanced very much technologically with a higher turnover and producing the services at a very low cost. So, competing with Dialog is not an easy task for these three competitors. But when Airtel comes into the market with attractive packages it is expected that Airtel might penetrate into the market and capture the market occupied by the three operators to a greater extend. But the Dialog will remain still competitive and will be able to sustain their position. Apita computer naha Concept Few days after launching the product the company realized that they needed to cater its products furthermore; its then when they came up with this idea of Apita computer naha, which caters the market of people who dont have computers. This concept contains a coupled offer of DELL laptop with the HPS device, this make a lot of sense when catering to that set of people. This was given out at the most reasonable price of Rs 83,000/-, on a monthly installment basis of Rs 6977/- with Windows Vista or Rs 6477/- with Ubuntu. Dialog broadband main target in this marketing campaign was the university students and the users in the outer range of Colombo. Price wars Dialog Telekom is the leading telecommunication service provider amoung other telecommunication service providers in Sri Lanka. Their main goal is to provide the service to the cheapest rate not the very cheapest but up to some extend with a quality of service. When considering the 3G wireless internet the main compititor for dialog telicom is mobitel. They are providing the same service as Dialog. But when considering the prices of both service providers dialog gives away the service for the lowest rate. Eg: Dilaog provide E220 HSPA modem only for Rs 5490/-. But mobitel provides the same devise for Rs 19500/-. So thers big price gap between both dialog and mobitel. For my concern customers will attarct towards dialog because of their cheapest rates and the best quality of the service. However dialog has become the market leader in the telecommunication industry because customers are really happy with their service. They treat their customers really well. They believe that the company will get profits only if they able satisfy their loyal exsisting customers as well as thire new customers. Below u can see the price rangers of both dialog and mobitel packages and devises. Dialog offers Unlimited Mobile Internet for a monthly rental of just Rs. 2,990/-. Sign up for 6 months and be eligible to purchase an E220 HSPA modem for Rs 5490/-.But this is for General usage. They have introduced a promotion for university students. That is for the monthly rental of Rs. 1500/- sign up for 6 months and be eligible to purchase an E220 HSPA modem for Rs 5400/-. For my concern its a very valuable deal. Monthly fee entitles customer to internet usage of unlimited duration and unlimited data volume (download/upload) however subject to a Fair Usage Policy (FUP) whereby download/upload speeds would be reduced relative to their maximum levels following monthly usage exceeding 5GB. The FUP is designed to ensure that the customers receive the best service because minimum customers usage is high. Mobitel has introduced wide range of packages as well a devises for wireless internet facility for users. Mobitel has introduced wide range of packages for wireless internet facility for users. SWOT Analysis SWOT is a strategic method which the organizations use to know what are the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats involved in the business. Strength and Weakness are organizations internal issues. Opportunity and Threats are organization external issues. SWOT Analysis of Dialog Strength First GSM service provider in Sri Lanka Wide product range Skilled and dedicated Management team Island wide network coverage Strong customer base and public relations Cooperate business knowledge is high Reasonable price rage Weakness Front office employee turnover is high Comparing with competitors price should be improved Confusion and less motivation amongst the employees Less towers to get proper coverage Opportunity Reduce the price of the fixed lines Using advanced technology Introducing more value added services (VAS) Introducing new packages and other services. Having more towers to get better signal or coverage Threats Competition amongst other GSM service providers in Sri Lanka. Terrorism in Sri Lanka Changes in social, political, economic inside the country Changes in technology Changes in customers needs Research Methodologies A research was done with the Head of Corporate of Dialog Broadband Mr. Ravi Sivasithamparam, to get an overall idea on the product, the Strategies used by the company to market the product and the key to gain competitive advantage. v Research methods Questioners Interviews Online research Identified strategies after the interview v Strategies Rogers Diffusion Curve Ansoffs model Research Methods Questioners I contacted Mr. Ravi Sivasithamparam the Head of Corporate Service of Dialog Broadband on an informal conversation via telephone to grasp an idea on the related topic. He was very humble in explaining the Strategy used by the company, and how the product is marketed, the market segmentation, the marketing strategy, and services provided by them to the existing customers. Questioners Ø What is Dialog 3G High Speed Internet? Dialog 3G High Speed Internet is a high speed data connectivity service which will enable you to download and upload large files at very high speeds no matter where you are provided that you are within the 3G coverage. 3G High Speed Internet is powered by HSPA-one of the latest evolutions in wireless data transfer technology Ø What is HSPA? HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) combines the features of HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) enabling you to access data at speeds up to 7.2 Mbps Downlink and up to 1.98 Mbps Uplink, on devices supporting HSPA. Ø When talking about the competitive advantage what is the main advantage over your competitor? When talking about competition our main plus point is the price that we have set to our customers, we have located them into two sections, the General mass and the University students. We provide them with a different range of packages according to their budget, which our competitor has not come up with until now. Ø How has IS helped your organization with launching the product? This has also played a key part when we were to launch the product, with the help of IS we were able to track the 500,000 3g users in the country. And 50,000 regular 3g users from the Colombo Metropolitan. This was the key reason we first target our product launch to the Colombo Metropolitan. IS has also helped us in setting the price for our users, according to their sector Ø What are the startegies used in Dialog? Mainly the Rogers difussion Curve and the ansoff model.This is a new product to a current market. Ø What is Rogers Diffusion Curve? Everett Rogers defines diffusion as the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. Rogers definition contains four elements that are present in the diffusion of innovation process. The four main elements are: Innovation An idea, practices, or objects that is perceived as knew by an individual or other unit of adoption. Communication channels The means by which messages get from one individual to another. Time The three time factors are: (A) Innovation-decision process (B) Relative time with which an innovation is adopted by an individual or group. (C) Innovations rate of adoption. Social system A set of interrelated units that are engaged in joint problem solving to accomplish a common goal. Ø Mobitel also providing the same service, What

Sparta: Why the May Fly Only Lives for One Day :: essays research papers

Sparta; Why the May Fly Only Lives for One Day   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greece, a land of culture and philosophy, separated at its birth into two classes; Athens awoke to the cultural, intellectual side of life while its brother Sparta focused on mainly building up military power. Sparta was the brawn of Greece, while Athens was the brain. In an analogy, it would be comparing Rich Nastro (The Brawn, not to say that he has no brain, but he is the most muscle-built teacher at Saint Paul’s, and I needed an example that you, the teacher could relate with, and I know you could relate to yourself,) to Jim Buckler (The Brain, and even though he may know how to build nuclear weapons, he is not war-like enough to use them. In addition, he is not grading this, so I do not have to explain myself to him.) Sparta was located on the southern tip of the Peloponessus, and had little trade with other city-states. It also never set up any colonies, so financial wealth came from conquering other city-states. (Farah 115) Sparta focused so much on the military, they forgot about other important aspects of daily life, such as flossing, developing an artistic community, or creating a stable government. Poorly managed priorities in Sparta were prevalent and would have caused economic recession if they had not pillaged neighboring countries and city-states. However, Sparta was cruel to the people they conquered, and forced their victims into slavery, a.k.a. Helots. The Helots had to farm the land and honor the Spartans even though, much like the American south during slavery, the Helots outnumbered the Spartans. Despite slaves outnumbering the Spartans, the military ruled with absolute power, and crushed every rebellion the Helots attempted. The rebellion, attempted by the Helots, lasted for thirty years before the Spartans crushed it, and even with the Helots’ superior numbers (200,000 Helots to 10,000 Spartans), they still did not manage to overthrow the Spartan military because Sparta had develo ped the Phalanx. (Farah 115) Despite its initial success, the Phalanx was the ultimate boiling pot for the lobster of Sparta. The Iron Age came about when Sparta was establishing itself, iron weapons and armor were cheaper to produce than their predecessor of bronze, so weapons became readily available for any one who wanted one (just like now!) This meant that everybody and their brother was buying weapons and armor to arm themselves’ to become part of the Phalanx legions that were the pride and joy of Sparta.

Describe the roles of parents and carers Essay

The expectations of males and females in parenting and caring are constantly changing. Stereotypically, females are seen as the carer and males are seen as the provider. Societal changes such as equal pay for equal work, work environment policies and changing family structures, i.e. single parents are changing these traditional expectations. This discussion will show how the empowerment of women and men influences the way they function in society.  · Traditionally, a father’s role was in the public realm of work, while female roles were based around their husband’s household (known as the domestic sphere. Men are often viewed as assertive, aggressive and domineering, while the women were viewed as house-makers and child-bearers. Now tasks are shared equally around the home, such as discipline. Discipline is shared between both parents, whereas, men used to discipline and children were taught to fear their fathers. Both parents are now seen equally, as providers and carers for their families. Both should determine the child’s education, set appropriate societal limits and have legal, welfare and responsibility of the child. However, traditional roles still exist in older generations, which may be influential on younger generations.  · Prior to WW2, women did not work as they were told that their role was to care for their husband and family. If women did work, it was usually in hard physical labour repetitive tasks. However, women were called up to the workforce when their husbands were sent to WW2 to stabilise the economy. When their husbands returned, they were told to go back to their traditional roles. Many women protested for their rights are formed women’s liberation. Equal pay for equal work allowed freedom for women. Before this legislation was passed in Australia in 1975, women were receiving 54% of the male rate. Women embraced the workforce, freeing them of their traditional roles. Women are now encouraged to have a career, but policies such as maternity leave, which is available for up to 52 weeks also allow women to have a family. Thus, due to the introduction of equal pay, women are now encouraged to have a carer, and not expected to stay at home and look after their children as a career.  · The introduction of the contraceptive pill in the 1970s also gave women more freedom in their domestic lives. Women were and are able to control their family structure, i.e. how many children they have and when they have children. Women were able to establish their career before having a family. Thus, females were no longer expected to have children early and not have a career, due to the freedom of the pill.  · Males are embracing the â€Å"radical† notion of equality due to societal changes. The role of â€Å"father† has dramatically changed over the post-war years an now fathers are serving as role models who support their children in sports and arts. Many husbands have supported their wives returning to work and have become the primary carer of their child. Paternity leave enables fathers to take up to 51 weeks for the employee who is the primary care giver of the child allowing the father to bond with the child. David a lawyer choose to become the primary care giver of his child while his wife went back to work, to be involved in his child’s life, but admits that it is hard work as â€Å"there is no promotion†. Father support groups, such as â€Å"New Pin† in Western Sydney has been created to offer support by linking fathers together to discuss problems and provide strategies. Thus, societal changes such as paternity leave allows the mother to go to work and be the provider, and the father to take on the primary care giver role, with support offered to males who find the role challenging.  · Single parents are more accepted than they were 50 years ago. According to the ABS, 64% of male parents and 49% of female single parents work. Divorce is more common, but single-parenthood can also occur from a death of a partner, unplanned pregnancy or a planned pregnancy eg IVF. When individuals got divorced in the 1950s-1970s, women had sole custody of the child, as traditionally their role was the carer. Times have changed, however, and men are gaining sole custody of their children. Barry Hooker, a full time Dad and single parent of Leah â€Å"doesn’t regret his decision for a second† for leaving his job as a boilermaker. Thus, due to the acceptance of single parents, men are now gaining sole custody of children, which traditionally would not happen.  · However, in many aspects, our society has reinforced the traditional parenting roles for males and females. Generally, when children are sick, it is the mother who takes the day off. Women are the ones who drop of and pick up the kids from childcare and go to playgroup. Men support their son’s activities in sport, while women support their daughter’s activities in more passive arenas such as ballet. Currently, 20.9% of men are primary school teachers and 44.9% are high school teachers. Teaching may be unattractive to males due to the salary, status, and working with children runs counter to the male psyche. Parents are unintentionally or intentionally treating genders differently, which enforces these traditional gender roles through further generations. For eg, male babies are dressed in darker shades, while female babies are dressed in paler shades and boys are played with actively, while girls are handled more delicately. The concept of â€Å"male† and â €Å"female† develops from our experiences and observations. Household tasks should be shared equally, so children do not learn that one task is for males, while another task is for females.  · Pregnancy in teenage mothers is also now accepted by most parts of society, which may have been shunned in earlier years. Teenage mothers were not expected to have an education, but this has changed due to Principal Glenn Sargent’s young mothers program at Plumpton High. Here, young mothers are given an education, but the school also provides $5 a day day-care, support by counsellor Rebecca and shelter. He has created a suitable environment for young mothers to reach their full potential. His success is measured â€Å"for each individual’s marks and attendance†. Same sex-couples are also more accepted. Both parents can be free to parent equally, which forms intimacy with the child. Family and friends can form a network of social and emotional support as well as to offer their children suitable adult role models of the opposite sex. Mainstream organisations also support same-sex couple’s i.e. alternative lifestyle association in Australia. Whoever the parents, all children need love and supervision. They all need to be sheltered, fed, taken to school and so on, thus the daily routine of same-sex couples is largely similar to heterosexual families. Thus, due to the social acceptance of pregnant teens, young mothers can raise a child and  also gain an education due to Glenn Sargent’s young mothers programs, which would be unable in earlier years. Acceptance of same-sex couples has allowed individuals to create their own parenting skills in a nurturing and loving environment, similar to heterosexual environments. Both groups however are still often morally and socially stigmatised due to their lifestyle choices.  · Many employers in small and medium sized business provide a family friendly workforce. When women fell pregnant in the 1950s-1970s, women were forced to resign from their careers. But due to women’s liberation and workforce policies, women can now have a career and a family at the same time. Maternity leave is available for women up to 52 weeks. Work hours are changing to become more flexible for both parents, there are now split shifts and some business have child-care where parents can easily drop off and pick up their children. This places the stress off families who have both parents who work. Thus, many businesses have changed their workforces to accommodate to the changing expectations of men and women. Workforces now provide flexibility for both parents, and allow women to have a career and family. Thus, expectations of males and females are currently changing, due to societal changes such as post WW2, work friendly environments and changing family structures. However, stereotypical male and female roles are still being enforced by parents, whose children will pass onto their own families, thus their roles will not change.