Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola

What is ad? Promotion is Paid, non-individual, open correspondence about causes, merchandise and ventures, thoughts, associations, individuals, and spots, through methods, for example, regular postal mail, phone, print, radio, TV, and web. Target of ad are to advise, convince and spur potential clients, yet additionally has a vital essentialness for the company’s picture in entire or brand the item has a place. Commercial procedures are shifting among the areas. The sorts of promotion utilized in an area are relying upon its way of life, standards, religion, custom and language.The ad that are utilized in Western and Asia is altogether different in each perspective. I will take Coca-Cola to look at systems of ad that have been utilized in western and Asia. In Asian nations Coca-Cola’s system is for the most part rely upon amusement and young people. In any case, in Western nations the system is somewhat unique. They attempt to advance the beverage is solid and safe to d rink. Indeed, even Coca-Cola has acquainted Diet Coke with pull in individuals in Western nation. The Western individuals more take care about their wellbeing contrast with Asians.So they need to show the beverage is appropriate for a solid way of life. Another significant part of Coca-Cola Company’s commercial in Western nations is they like to utilize lady and sex component. The vast majority of their promotions are with hot women who are models or on-screen characters grasping the beverage or holding it. In Western nations it is ordinary to advance an item along these lines. Be that as it may, in Asian nations it is difficult to do such promotion on the grounds that most nations have severe guidelines and very religious.Asian nations offer significance to social qualities and they are against sex components in commercial. Coca-Cola’s commercial in Asian nations offers significance to adolescents and youths. They notice typically shows that they will get new vitality after beverage it. They will so vivacious and can get things done without getting drained. Be that as it may, in Western nations they offer significance to all. Indeed, even they use youngsters additionally in ad to pull in them to drink Coca-Cola. The organization give equivalent significance to grown-ups also.The Coca-Cola’s promotion in Asia likewise offers significance to Asian celebrations and festivity. For each celebration and festivity like Chinese New Year, Independence Day, Christmas, etc Coca-Cola will acquaint new notice with advance their item. Once in a while they embed the social qualities in these notices. However, in Western nations the circumstance is totally different. Social estimations of Asians and Western individuals are totally different. So huge organizations like Coca-Cola need to separate their commercial as indicated by locale to endure and lead the market.

Information Systems for Management

Data Systems for Management ICT-OUTCOME 1 Vital administration is the administration at the up, for example, overseeing executives like John and Ian McIver from Ice sovereign who are answerable for settling on the unstructured choices like objectives and target that the organization endeavors to reach.â â To settle on long haul choices dependent on their own judgment of the circumstance, for example, making future projection on how the organization will perform.â This well be finished by taking a gander at how gainful the business has been by taking a gander at represents a year ago to perceive what the benefits so they can settle on choices on the most proficient method to push ahead with the business.â Sales figures from different zones can likewise decide how well an item is selling and what items are famous available. Strategic administration is a semi-organized degree of the executives known as center level administration like Sharon Tang and Veronika they will screen and examine the current frameworks utilized exposed stores, shop and workplaces for 15 weeks then an introduction will be given on how successful these frameworks and four gatherings for planning will be taken before the undertaking starting and notes will be taken by Chelsea to record each key point at the gatherings. Operational administration is the organized degree of the executives known as low level administration Whitney and subside who will be by assisting with examining the framework by social affair data from the staff by performing meetings and overviews at every one of the four provincial destinations prepared for Sharon to investigation. Three unique sorts of data frameworks incorporate the utilization of human data frameworks inside Ice sovereign utilized by key administration, strategic and operational levels in light of the fact that the requirement for choices made at all these levels are significant on the grounds that hardware will never supplant human dynamic as the utilization of senses and the utilization of the natural eyes is now and again the one of the best approach to watch and settle on the correct choices through all the degrees of the board inside Ice Queen. Paper based framework is another methods for gathering data on every one of the three degrees of the executives inside Ice Queen in light of the fact that the utilization of paper data in an association is discernible with regards to doing reviews on the organization toward the finish of the money related year. Key administration may utilize this paper frameworks to outline approaches and methodology inside Ice Queen which would be the duty of John and Ian McIver to have these arrangements on paper with the goal that they can be put some place for all the representatives so they can allude to them and stick to them in the workplace.â Strategic administration may likewise client paper data frameworks to draw up plans for the business or to assess points and targets as PC frameworks can in some cases come up short and Ice Queen may require back up reports. Strategic administration like Sharon Tang and Veronika may utilize paper frameworks to record complete minutes for gatherings that Chelsea is answerable for so they realize what has been talked about at every one of the gatherings and to keep printed versions of the examination being done on Ice Queen for them to have the option to answer to other staff at gatherings. Operational administration like Whitney and Peter so they can record how well the chilly storerooms are acting in every one of the various warehouses inside Ice Queen and the requirement for duplicates of how the hardware is structured and worked so they can assess how well their cool storage space is working. Electronic frameworks would be required at all levels too in light of the fact that at vital levels designs that have been made inside Ice Queen would need to be inquired about by checking where their rivalries are in the market by having the option to see figures from locales like organization house so they can make arrangements to arrive at objectives and destinations set by Ice Queen. Strategic Management, for example, Sharon Tang and Veronika in Ice Queen as they would need to utilize the venture the board programming to design the undertaking bit by bit and ensuring that all the timings and portions of errand to be performed are distributed to the correct staff at the perfect time and to ensure that quite a few occasions and time off are apportioned yet the task is as yet rushing to plan. Operational Management, for example, Whitney and Peter as they have to utilize this framework to dissect profitability inside the work power and the hardware inside the cool stockpiling in Ice Queen by utilizing the product that is accessible to them to finish their examination. In the dynamic there is data that oversee the board one of these is the Data Protection Act 1998 this bits of enactment is vital for Ice Queen as clients, provider and staff as this information must be kept secure and isn't only accessible to anyone as data could be miss utilized in an unlawful manner, for example, individuals attempting to dupe different organizations or client by utilizing bank subtleties or Mastercard details.â This information consistently should be exact and modern and measures must be taken to ensure this data.â If this information isn't secured and there is a break, at that point the organization can be fined as much as 500,000 pounds. Wellbeing and security enactment 2002 is likewise significant in maintaining a business as it could legitimately influence the representatives wellbeing and wellbeing as they ought to have a protected clean condition to work wherein is liberated from potential perils and risks inside the workplace.â By law there ought to consistently be first aiders without hesitation who are completely prepared and certificated to manage any clinical help required inside the working environment. Clients are likewise in danger if these bit of enactment isn't followed this could influence their wellbeing as neatness is a major issue in the working environment provided that an organization isn't adhering to cleanliness rules which influence clients if hardware isn't cleaned accurately or if apparatus isn't working appropriately could cause medical problem for the client, which would should be corrected by bringing in ecological wellbeing officials which could influence the organization and could bring about the organization been fined or most dire outcome imaginable being shut down. Result 2 WAN (wide zone organize) is appropriated geologically for a private correspondence arrange this interfaces loads of various LAN (neighborhood). Wan can be associated with organization central station or branch workplaces and a switch is utilized to interface LAN and WAN. WAN offers access to application s administrations and other midway found resources.â This implies a similar application server and firewall doesn't need to be introduced in bunches of areas by utilization of VPN (virtual private system) which interfaces between WAN destinations. LAN (neighborhood) is utilized when a gathering of PCs and gadgets can share interchanges by a remote connect to a server LAN is PCs and gadgets associated with a server in various regions, for example, an office or a business establishment.â Mobile telephones likewise use LAN as it shares assets. LAN can be utilized few clients whenever utilized in a little office however can be utilized in a bigger zone whenever utilized in a bigger office. The Internet is utilized to look into data generally utilized direct from a switch or modem gadgets this is utilized to check everything conceivable, for example, train times to news stories.â Internet is additionally utilized for shipping data by utilizing the cloud, messages and utilizing frameworks like skype to converse with individuals everywhere throughout the world. The advantages for the utilization of WAN in Ice Queen is that they can sent a similar data through reminders to staff at the snap of a catch about anything concerning the organization that workers may need to realize which will spare time for the company.â Another advantage of this is all the PC frameworks are connected so any data that Ice Queen may require during the best in class venture can be gotten to through PC frameworks in various geological regions which sets aside time and cash for the organization so the undertaking races to design. The advantages of LAN for Ice Queen are data that Sharon may require can be gotten to by utilizing some other gear accessible to her, for example, an organization PC that may approach this information.â Another advantage is the utilization of a remote gadgets, for example, a printer as this is remote as is anything but difficult to interface with if necessary to record minutes for meeting on paper duplicate. The advantages of the web are Ice sovereign can contact anyone in a topographical area utilizing email or significantly simpler utilizing skype or even the utilization of the cloud on the off chance that they needed to impart certain archives to various workers inside the business.â Which keeps these reports sheltered and secure?

21 Part Time Jobs That Pay More than $20 Per Hour

21 Part Time Jobs That Pay More than $20 Per Hour Need a side gig? Or on the other hand possibly only an adaptable calendar to suit your family or different activities, so you can acquire some bacon? You don’t need to agree to a disappointing time-based compensation, we guarantee.  Here are 21-that’s right, 21-low maintenance occupations that pay more than the typical $20 every hour. You can likewise avoid the rundown, join with TheJobNetwork directly here to get the recently posted low maintenance employment opportunities in your area. 1. Independent Writing: Average ~$26/hrYou can without much of a stretch make independent composing an all day employment, or you can exploit the great pay and adaptability and use it as low maintenance gig. Start with locales that pay per post on the off chance that you need somewhat essential inspiration.2. Finishing: Average $20+/hrIf you like getting your hands grimy and going through a day accomplishing physical work outside, this can be for you. Start with nearby erratic gigs on Craigslist, at that point attempt to manufacture an informal notoriety. In the event that you can work particular apparatus, you can make substantially more-simply be mindful so as to get the vital licenses and protection on the off chance that you begin incorporating this with a business.3. Visual computerization: Average $22/hrYou need extraordinary PC abilities and a sharp eye for plan, however it’s an incredible gig if you’ve got the stuff. Make yourself an arrangement of test work and afterward ensure you have a site displaying it, in addition to any proposals and rave audits you’ve won.4. Back rub Therapy: Average: $60/hrStrong hands? A craving to help individuals? Get yourself your Certified Massage Therapist permit and begin rounding up the batter. Work all alone or through gyms, rub studios, and spas.5. Deciphering/Translating: Average: $23.71/hrIf you’re bi-or multi-lingual, this can be an incredible method of bringing in some generally income sans work. Work on an available to come in to work premise or by contracting steadier gigs.6. Gesture based communication Interpreting: Average: $36.50/hrIf you know ASL or another communication through signing, you can work deciphering in occasion scenes, courts, or study halls or considerably littler situations like interventions and meetings.7. Coaching: Average: up to $75/hrBone up on your science and math, have some expertise in the trickiest of subjects, and you’ll make huge amounts of cash. In any case, even vocab and test prep will get you well over $20/hr.8. Test Prep Instruction: Average: $21-$32/hrDepending on the test you’re qualified to educate, this can be an incredible method to make some additional money. Work with the SAT, ACT, MCAT, LSAT, GRE or GMAT, and more.9. Individual Shopping: Average: up to $33/hrYou’ll need a fair foundation in design, and an incredible eye for style, however you’ll take in substantial income and presumably make some extraordinary memories making it.10. Etsy: Depends on what you sell.Are you sly? Selling your products on Etsy can be sufficient to win a full-time living. Your remuneration will rely upon what you make, to what extent it takes you to make what you make, and the amount you charge. Be that as it may, the sky’s the limit.11. Application Design: Average: $6k/monthAs long as you have what it takes and information to build up this sort of programming, it tends to be amazingly worthwhile and entirely adaptable work.12. Nannying: Average: $20-$25/hrLove kids? Work every day, ends of the week, nighttimes, accessible if the need arises, and so on guardians have the need and you pocket the cash.13. Individual Chef: Average: $20-$45+/hrStart with buddies and companions of companions, and assemble a notoriety by overhearing people's conversations. Have consistent week by week gigs, or cook groups of cooler suppers in mass. In the event that you’re great on the pots and skill et, the chilly, hard money is out there for you.14. Cooking: Average: $20+/hrIf you don’t mind working nights and additionally ends of the week, this is an extraordinary method to get heaps of additional cash. What's more, acceptable gigs typically open entryways for more.15. Bartending: Average: $26/hr (in addition to tips)You may require accreditation in your state, and you’ll certainly need aptitudes making mixed drinks or pouring shots and brew, however regardless of what you do, you can make a huge amount of cash on the off chance that you locate the correct spot and hit on the correct calendar. Start little, rake in the tips.16. Individual Assisting: Average: $25/hrAre you excessively sorted out? Don’t mind doing the grown-up ing, coordinations, and tasks for another person and afterward getting paid? For whatever length of time that you’re dependable, discrete, and solid, this is an extraordinary and worthwhile gig.17. Serving: TIPSDepending on the volume and the costs of the spot, you can make an enormous measure of cash in tips in generally barely any hours. Get your foot in the entryway and consistently have this as a fall posterior gig when you need money fast.18. Yoga Instruction: Average: $24.37-$49+/hrYou’ll need to put resources into a Teacher Training arrangement, which takes at any rate 200 hours and a last evaluation, yet then you’ll get paid to work out! You’ll be fitter and richer.19. Design Consulting: Average: $50-$500/hrThis is one of those legendary super-lucrative gigs, yet on the off chance that you have a magnificent eye for mold and can court the top of the line customers, it may be for you.20. Pooch Walking: Average: $20+/hrFreelance or work with a canine strolling organization. Get outside, get some activity, invest energy with adorable mutts, and†¦ get paid? Begin promoting at neighborhood pet spots custodians, visitors, vets, pet stores, etc.21. Make-up: Average: $23.50/hrGet ladies and celebs and party-goers gussied up for the enormous occasion. Have a great time while you work. For whatever length of time that you’re sufficient at what you do to continue getting the gigs!

Classroom Management Goals Essay

To execute a compelling showing method, I have set up a lot of objectives which can fill in as my guide in instructing. My objectives are the accompanying: To build up a domain helpful for learning, connection and improvement To empower and propel my understudies for persistent scholastic advancement through scholastics and social exercises. To maintain great conduct and mentality through regard, getting, honesty and obligation inside and outside of the homeroom.  Classroom is the most significant spot where the instructor and the understudies collaborate and gain from one another. Along these lines, a methodical study hall methodology must be built up to viably confer learning in a proficient manner (Bosch 2006). It is likewise significant the understudies know about these methods before executing it in the class. An understanding between the instructor and the understudies ought to be guaranteed with the goal that any misconception can be evaded (Walden University 2009). Through this, the educator can without much of a stretch control the class and rouse them to carry out whatever responsibility they are allocated to do. Work areas and stories ought to be orchestrated appropriately so as to urge understudies to partake in class through conversations as well as through connection with other classmates(Laslett and Smith 1984). Understudies, paying little heed to their countries will be approached to sit together dependent on a seat plan that I will built up. This procedure will build up the students’ mental and social capacities. I accept that if the understudies are orchestrated one next to the other, they will be increasingly persuaded to work and look for learning even among themselves.â I will likewise execute month to month seat intend to ensure that all the understudies will have the option to work with every one of their colleagues for the whole scholarly year. The utilization of offices, for example, the PC and different references can be utilized upon my authorization. As a consistently, the teacher’s work area is forbidden to the understudies and the understudy might be permitted to get something from the teacher’s work area given that he/she is allowed by the educator. Water fountain, sink and pencil sharpener can be utilized even without authorization. Finally, all the offices and learning materials ought to be kept perfect and slick.

Understanding Consumer Loyalty Apple Smartphone - 550 Words

Understanding Consumer Loyalty: Apple Smartphone (Essay Sample) Content: CONSUMER LOYALTYStudents nameCourseProfessors nameUniversityCityDateCONSUMER ROYALTYApple a well respected and renowned Smartphone and other accessories production firm conducted a research on the impacts of brand image or product image on consumer loyalty to a specific brand or product. The objectives of this research were to enhance brand awareness shortly before any new brand is released in the market. This was found to play a very fundamental role in the success of Smartphone brands. The other objective was to create brand recognition which is also known as aided awareness. This is the ability to remember something that had been exposed to an individual at an earlier time. Assessing the impacts of the brand image would help the firm to put in place proper marketing strategies to enhance its success and create a large consumer base (GIUOCA et al., 2015).Customer loyalty can be defined as the likelihood of customers who had purchased a good from a company to buy aga in from the same firm. Customer services and good marketing strategies have been found to play a major role in enhancing customer loyalty in organizations. Several factors influence a consumer in the decision-making process of buying from the various Smartphone brands. These factors are social factors for example groups affiliated to the consumer, family, the role and status of the consumer in the society. The other category of factors influencing decision making is personal factors, for example, age, lifestyle, and economic circumstances, personality, and self-concept (GIUOCA et al., 2015). The factors above dictate the type of apple products a consumer is likely to purchase.The characteristic of a product plays a high role in the creation of an image of a particular brand in the Smartphone brands industry. Image branding is fundamental as it aid in positioning the product in the mind of the probable consumer in relation to other Smartphone brands competing with apple (GIUOCA et al ., 2015). When the product has been positioned effectively in the mind of the consumer, apple will be able to create a powerful brand which will compete favorably with the competitors and thus accommodate the needs of the demographic segments targeted by the brand. It is thus evident that brand image is fundamental to the success of any product in the Smartphone industry.Understanding consumer loyalty is fundamental because of the following reasons. Consumer loyalty encourages referrals which is the process whereby one customer is able to encourage new probable consumers to the product and sell the advantages of the brand over other brands because they have practical experience with that product. Customer loyalty also aids in the reduction of costs that is, the cost used in marketing and advertising Smartphone brands. Customer loyalty contributes to loyal customers selling the brand through the word of mouth which is very effective and cost effective (GIUOCA et al., 2015). The firm is thus able to preserve the loyal customers and expand...

A Problem Question on Contracts - Free Essay Example

CONTRACTS Scope of Advice The following documentation will aim to provide legal advice to all parties and their contractual agreements formed prior. John Race horse trainer Ann à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Horse transport business owner The issues of determination of terms, material breaches and liabilities, will be discussed within this scope of advice. John Terms Agreed Clauses The express terms that had been agreed upon and signed on contract between John and Ann had been for the exclusivity of transportation and the inclusion of a 40% discount on all journey costs, for four years. Therefore, per parole evidence rule, restricts the extrinsic evidence that maybe considered by the court[1] however, sufficient evidence to give acceptance to a collateral contract or fair construction of the agreement, the above can be permissible.[2] Promissory Terms Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conduct with Ann in regards to the air conditioning that had been discussed prior to the singing of the contract could be seen to be a promissory term[3]. In this circumstance, statements that had been made by Ann to provide air conditioning had been connected to, but independent, of a main contract, as consideration for the pr omise[4], had been undertaken when John had initially signed the contract. There had also been prior discussion as to which Ann had made a statement to John à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"not a problemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which, by an interpretation by a reasonable person[5], would be seen as a promise or assurance.[6] Collateral Contract The issue of whether Annà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s statements of promising to provide air-conditioned floats could be regarded as a collateral contract[7], which would allow for John seek necessary remedies for the breaches that had occurred. In order for this, it must be promissory in nature[8], have the intention to induce another party entry into the contract[9], have consistency with main form of the contract[10] and be made prior or during the formation of the contract[11]. As John and Ann had discussed the terms of having an air-conditioned float before the effects of signature, John satisfies these conditions, and can claim to have been proceeded in a collater al contract with Ann. If such a promise had not been made initially, then John would not have made Ann an exclusive transporter of his horses. Knowledge or Notice The second issue is the clause regarding limitation of liability. Limitation of liability in general terms would be expressly defined within the contract[12], in this circumstance, neither John, nor Ann had mentioned this clause. Terms that have been made available to a party before a contract is made can be incorporated into the contract, so as to be binding on that party.[13] John had no prior actual knowledge or had been given reasonable notice of the terms, [14]. Although this clause can be taken as a legitimate exclusion clause[15], in this circumstance, it had not been provided, and therefore not binding. Furthermore, a reference to terms that are not readily available is not sufficient enough to satisfy reasonable notice [16]. Thus, John can proceed to with termination, or claim liability from negligence from Annà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transportation. Implied Terms The current contract may also have terms that are implied and not entirely written down at the time of signature[17]. As per the case of Byrne v Australian Airlines; Frew v Australian Airlines[18]; there should not be an automatic or rigid application of the cumulative criteria[19], if the contract is oral or partly oral, or it appears the parties did not reduce the agreement completely written form. Given these conditions, the issue of air-conditioning in floats, and the expressly stated time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"during summerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ had been implied largely by Ann that it will be delivered, prior to the signature of the contract. Although there had been no written documentation, the oral implied terms, perform supplementary information to the written document. Therefore, John has the right to seek liabilities from Ann. Termination by breach The termination by breach can be understood to be when a party fails to perform at time or to the standard by the contract[20]. As per Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd v Luna Park, it is accepted that a breach occurs when the promise is of such importance to the contract, that one could not have entered into the contract unless they had been assured of a strict or substantial performance of the promise, and this ought to have been apparent to the promisor.[21] In Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s circumstances, the use of non air-conditioned floats to transport his horses to and from venues was not per contract. It was not expressly stated in the written contract, but as per the above, through collateral contract and promissory terms, Ann needed to ensure the performance of her promise. Essentially, non-performance may fairly be considered by John as a substantial failure to perform the contract at all. [22] Therefore, as Ann has failed to perform her part in the contract, John can choose to terminate the contract and claim damages under the breach of conditions prin ciple. Termination by delay Where time stipulation is a condition, i.e à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"time is off the essenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, failure to perform within the specified time, lead to an option for termination for either party[23]. In short, if a party fails to comply on a specified day, they are guilty of delay. [24] In this circumstance, Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s horses needed to be delivered to their appropriate venues, well before their races had begun. The principle of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"time is off the essenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ can be applied in a strict approach, as Ann had the obligation to perform her promise to deliver the horses. In their first breach, in which Ann was delayed by two hours, had been permissible by John, however he had expressly stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"further problems will end their relationshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. As per Laurinda v Capabala Park Shopping Centre[25], if they delay is so long that there is a serious breach of an innominate term, a right to ter minate will be available to the party[26]. In the second instance where Annà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transpiration entirely failed to provide John with horses for the race, Ann was unable to uphold her obligations; hence John may have a right to terminate for delay. Ann Terms Effect of Signature In absence of fraud or misrepresentation, a document containing contractual terms, when signed is binding.[27] This was reaffirmed in the case of Toll (FGCT) Pty v Alphapharm Pty Ltd[28], ensuring that signed documents that are known[29], intended to affect legal relations[30], and are binding unto all parties that have written on the document. Ensuing that there are no vitiating factors or matter of misrepresentation[31], Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s written signature on documentation, can be seen as a contractual relation between Ann and John. Parol Evidence As per the circumstances, due to the principle that agreements had been contained in a written document, the parol evidence re stricts extrinsic evidence that may be considered by the court.[32] As Ann had not made express terms stating she had agreed to the terms of all floats to be air-conditioned, she merely stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"it is not a problem,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which could have been misinterpreted by John. As this specific clause had not been included in the written contract[33], Ann could argue that there is no breach of contract, and she had performed all her promises, including the 40% discount special, given to John. Frustration Frustration occurs whenever the law recognizes that without fault of either party, a contractual obligation has become incapable of being performed, as circumstances changed radically from which was undertaken by the contract.[34] For Ann, the consequences of John being banned from horse training, makes it impossible of the performance of her promise of transportation, as per the contract that had been signed. As such, Ann does have grounds to be excused per her performance to transport[35] or provide discount pricing to John.[36] It is also important for Ann to review the state of affairs and the extrinsic circumstances[37], which had caused for the transportation miscommunication. The frustration doctrine has three limitations: must not have been provided in the contract, reasonably foreseen and it must have occurred without fault of party seeking to rely on frustration. Ann satisfies all three limitations and consequently could seek to end the contract [38] Termination For Repudiation This principle will apply when a party has an absence of willingness or readiness to perform, and deprive the aggrieved party of substantially the whole of the benefit of the obligations remaining to be performed as per the contract. [39] In Annà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s circumstances, this can be applied. As expressly stated prior to the writing of signature, Ann had indicated that she would need to be the exclusive transporter of Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ho rses. John had breached this when he changed modes of transportation, and due to his inability to complete the contract; Ann has the ability to terminate the contract. She would also have the ability to claim liability to discount pricing loses and other costs associated with this mode of transportation. As John had willingly and readily signed the contract, he would be bound to perform, a breach would allow for Ann to have the right to terminate.[40] Exclusion clause The exclusion clause provided by Ann to John can take effect, given the notice of the course of dealings that had occurred over 2 years[41]; it is implied to have been accepted by John. The nature of the contract, which had delivery slips with signature of Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own staff, further give right to the implementation of the exclusion clause. The process of construction and the language that had been used allows for Ann to be limited in her breach[42]. Providing, the clause expressly states the limit ation of liability for negligence[43], which enables Ann to be excluded from liability, and terminate the contract as per above. Recommendation Based on the above, both parties may need to seek further legal advice upon reading this. Bibliography Cases Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson (1904) 4 CLR 379. Baltic Shipping Company v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344. Bensten v Taylor, Sons Co (1893) 2 QB 274. BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Hastings Shire Council (1977) 180 CLR 266. Bowes v Chaleyer (1923) 32 CLR 159. Bryne v Australian Airlines Ltd; Frew V Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 411. Codelfa Contruction v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR 337. Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Aust Pty Ltd (1986) 161 CLR 500. Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban District Council (1956) AC 696. Davis v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) 91 CLR 642. Ebay International AG v Creative Festival Entermaintment Pty Ltd (2006) FCA 1768. Equ uscorp Pty Ltd v Glengallan Pty Ltd (2004) HCA 55. Hart v Mcdonald (1910) 10 CLR 417, 430 Hoytà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v Spenscer (1919) 27 CLR 133. JJ Savage Sons v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435. Laurina v Capabala Park Shopping Centre (1989) 166 CLR 623. Là ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Estrange v Graucob (1934) 2 KB 294. Louinder v Leis (1982) 149 CLR 509. Masterton Homes Pty Ltd v Palm Assets Pty Ltd (2009) NSWCA 234. Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams (1957) 1 WLR 370. Perri v Coolangatta Investmetns Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 537. Progressive Mailing House v Tabali Pty Ltd (1985) 157 CLR 17 Sydney City Council v West (1965) 114 CLR 481 44. Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3 B S 826. Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971) 2 QB 163. Toll (FGCT) Pty Ltd v Alphapharm Pty Ltd (2004) 219 CLR 165. Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd v Luna Park (NSW) Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286. [1] Codelfa Contruction v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR 337, 165. [2] Hart v Mcdonald (1910) 10 CLR 417, 430. [3] JJ Savage Sons v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435, 32. [4] Tramways Advertising v Luna Park (1938) 61 CLR 286, 45. [5] Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams (1957) 1 WLR 370, 66. [6] JJ Savage Sons v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435, 41. [7] Hoytà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v Spenscer (1919) 27 CLR 133, 14. [8] Ibid. [9] Ibid. [10]Ibid. [11]Ibid. [12]Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Aust Pty Ltd (1986) 161 CLR 500, 90. [13] Ebay International AG v Creative Festival Entermaintment Pty Ltd (2006) FCA 1768, 203. [14] Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971) 2 QB 163, 75. [15] Davis v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) 91 CLR 642, 54. [16] Ibid. [17]BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Hastings Shire Council (1977) 180 CLR 266, 99. [18] Bryne v Australian Airlines Ltd; Frew V Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 411, 110. [19] BP Refi nery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Hastings Shire Council (1977) 180 CLR 266, 99. [20] Bensten v Taylor, Sons Co (1893) 2 QB 274, 90. [21] Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd v Luna Park (NSW) Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286, 143. [22]Ibid. [23] Bowes v Chaleyer (1923) 32 CLR 159, 29. [24] Louinder v Leis (1982) 149 CLR 509, 95. [25] Laurina v Capabala Park Shopping Centre (1989) 166 CLR 623, 44. [26] Ibid. [27]Là ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Estrange v Graucob (1934) 2 KB 294, 13. [28]Toll (FGCT) Pty Ltd v Alphapharm Pty Ltd (2004) 219 CLR 165, 86. [29] Ibid. [30] Ibid. [31] Là ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Estrange v Graucob (1934) 2 KB 294, 13. [32] Masterton Homes Pty Ltd v Palm Assets Pty Ltd (2009) NSWCA 234, 98. [33] Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Glengallan Pty Ltd (2004) HCA 55, 131. [34]Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban District Council (1956) AC 696, 91. [35] Perri v Coolangatta Investmetns Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 537, 81. [36] Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3 B S 826, 221. [37] C odelfa Contruction v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR, 337. [38] Baltic Shipping Company v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, 65. [39] Progressive Mailing House v Tabali Pty Ltd (1985) 157 CLR 17, 12. [40] Progressive Mailing House v Tabali Pty Ltd (1985) 157 CLR 17, 19. [41] Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson (1904) 4 CLR 379, 1. [42] Sydney City Council v West (1965) 114 CLR 481, 44. [43] Davis v Pearce Parking Station (1954) 91 CLR 642, 3.

Community College The Beginning of a Success Story Essay

For the past few decades, receiving a college education has been a stressed importance in today’s society. However it is often misunderstood that attending a 4-year school is the best and only way to go. Following this belief, many students attend these schools with out being academically, financially, or mentally prepared. Unfortunately students like this have failed to over look the more realistic options available to them, such as community college. Junior college is a resource available to anyone regardless of his or her previous academic performance. The variety of courses and the inexpensive tuition gives students flexibility to explore the many options presented to them. Though Universities hold more prestige, community colleges†¦show more content†¦However, after my first month at Ventura College, I realized how unprepared I actually was, and how lucky I was to still be living at home. Transitioning from high school to college as a full-time athlete was a diff icult and stressful task. My classes were very tough, and volleyball was extremely demanding. There is no way I would have been able to do it, without my family by my side. In her essay â€Å"Two Years are Better Than Four,† Liz Addison comments on two-year education by saying, â€Å"it is still possible to enter the college experience as a rookie [because] you grow up a little bit with your first English class, a bit more with your first psychology class, a whole lot more with your first biology, physics, chemistry† (213). My first semester as a college student chewed me up and spit me out, but I came out a little bit stronger and wiser. Community college is the perfect route for someone who needs time to mature. Community college provides to students who have trouble deciding on a career path. Figuring out what you want to do for the rest of your life is an intimidating and expensive process, especially for students coming straight out of high school. More than often students who attend 4-year colleges, spend thousands of dollars towards a major that they aren’t 100% sure of. This is a risky situation, because a major change in an education plan can be very costly at aShow MoreRelatedRalph Ellisons Invisible Man And O. J. : Made In America1692 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica. Both stories are set within the pit of corruption held throughout the nineties, and display obvious connections between the narratives. The legacy of Orenthal James Simpson is described in this documentary by the currency of events which were occurring during his rise to fame. As for the novel, Invisible Man, various situations during the multiple characters era coincide with the environment of the documentary an d show a vast of similarities. 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Personal, social and emotional development: This area is all about developing a positive sense of self and respect for others, social skillsRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Social Expectations976 Words   |  4 Pagesin a racist town, Jackson, Mississippi, during the civil rights movement. A southern white woman by the name of Eugenia â€Å"Skeeter† Phelan returns from college, determined to become a successful writer. Skeeter decides to do something in hopes of achieving her dream. Along the way, she is determined to take away the hatred towards the black community. She decides to interview and write a book detailing the black women who have spent the majority of their lives working for proper, southern white families

Culture and Cross-Cultural Linkages in American Music Essay

Culture and Cross-Cultural Linkages in American Music I have recently been listening to a lot of Motown music and even jazz. I have never before explored music in the extent that I have done this semester. I always thought of myself as â€Å"cultured† but this semester, I’ve begun to realize there are more areas of music that I have not explored than those which I have. And as I explore culture and cross-cultural linkages in our music, I realize how much one generation’s music ‘speaks’ to the next. Currently, the song I am intrigued by is â€Å"Strange Fruit† by Billie Holiday. This song is very moving. When Billie Holiday sings, you MUST listen. However, this song, unlike most of her other music, is not about love.†¦show more content†¦The imagery is vivid. You can see and smell everything Holiday sings. It is through this song that I can really connect with the generation of people that dealt with such issues. My parents never really listened to music as I grew up. My grandparents used to always have country music playing in the background no matter what was going on. In my early years, this was the extent of my musical background. I received my first record player when I was in 1st or 2nd grade. I remember it was red and blue. It was a Disney record player that played all my favorite Disney records. But it wasn’t until I was about 11 or 12 that I really got a test of music. My grandpa had given me his old yellowed record player/radio. I was ecstatic. It was the first time that I had the power to listen to whatever I wanted to. It didn’t matter what my parents thought about it. It didn’t even matter that they didn’t regularly listen to music. So I would turn that radio on and listen to good ol’ country music just like my grandparents. I thought it was wonderful. I never even tried any other station until one day when I was in the 7th or 8th g rade. My friends came over and laughed when they heard the music I was listening to. 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What is Culture Essay examples - 1828 Words

The first definition of ‘culture’ by Oxford’s Dictionary is ‘art, literature, music and other intellectual expressions of a particular society or time’ (â€Å"Culture,† Oxford’s Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English). Anthropologist of culture, Raymond Williams argued that the term ‘culture’ was first used in reference to the cultivation of crops which was later associated in relation to the cultivation of the human mind, hence the expression ‘cultured/cultivated person’. The noun of process thenceforth grew into a noun of configuration in the later 18th century where culture meant ‘the generalisation of the ‘spirit’ which informed the ‘whole way of life’ of a distinct people’ (Williams, 1981) implying a common ‘way of life’ shared†¦show more content†¦Marx, as cited in Chris Barker’s Cultural Studies – Theory and Practi ce, argued that human beings main concern is to produce their means of survival, i.e. food and clothes, through labour consequently creating themselves. He further argued that in the capitalist society, culture equals power as the bourgeoisies – those own the economic means and relations of production, controls the cultural production, the distribution mechanisms of cultural products and the cultural structure of a society – i.e. art, culture and politics. Economic determinism although is not autonomous, is essential to the understanding of culture where the structure and meaning of a specific cultural product is determined by the profit-driven motive and class relations where it examines the cultural trend in terms of their ‘own rules, logics, development and affectivity’ (Barker, 2009: 56). 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The Era Of The Gilded Age - 1843 Words

America has had many historical identities throughout its lifetime. Many periods can be debated and analyzed from the surface but there are topics where one has to dig deep and find those areas of critical assessment where now in hind sight, we can say whether America was right or wrong. The Gilded Age gave the late nineteenth century a popular name by which to be remembered. The term reflected the combination of outward wealth and dazzle with inner corruption and poverty. Given the period’s absence of powerful and charismatic presidents, its lack of a dominant central events, and its sometimes tawdry history, historians have often defined the period by negatives. The time stressed greed, scandals, and corruption of the Gilded Age. The era was crammed with corruption, but the years between 1877 and 1900 were also some of the most momentous and dynamic in American history. They set in motion developments that would shape the country for generations, the reunification of the Sou th and north, the integration of four million newly freed African Americans, westward expansion through railroads, immigration, industrialization, urbanization. It was also a period of reform, in Diaz 2 which many Americans sought to regulate laws and shape the changes taking place all around them. Between 1850 and 1900 immigrants prompted much more concern among native born white Americans than did black people. During these years there was a rapid gain of net immigration moving into the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Era Of The Gilded Age1153 Words   |  5 PagesFrom 1865 to 1900, the American industry paved the way for an era like none that has been seen before. The country built and invented more supplies and materials than anyone had thought possible. Even though, this time in history seemed progressive on many fronts, it was known as the â€Å"Gilded Age†. The Gilded Age was a three decade time in America that involved an expanding economy and a useless government. The thought of going to an American city, getting a job, and getting paid was ideal to mostRead MoreThe Era Of The Gilded Age986 Words   |  4 Pages1865 marked the beginning of the Gilded Age a time pe riod known for its innovations, corruption, progress and violence. At the same time as the phonogram and automobiles were being produced the major corporations employed child labor and offered deplorable working conditions. Laborers soon rose together to form labor unions that would have a fair advantage when dealing with large corporations. One of the pros of being a Unionist was the great numbers of unionists in several states this facilitatedRead MoreThe Gilded Age And The Progressive Era3319 Words   |  14 PagesThe Gilded Age and the Progressive Era were times of great change for women in the United States, and women entered into a new standard of living. As times progressed and new advances were made in both society and technology, people had to learn how to adapt to those changes while still being an asset and following societal rules. The purpose of this paper is to acknowledge the reformations and changes brought to people and society by women during the Gilded Age and th e Progressive Era. RegardlessRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age1465 Words   |  6 Pagescomes consequences. Industrialization of the United States had indirectly tarnished the Gilded Age, and now that this era was coming to an end, reformers were left to clean up the mess. Hence, the Progressive era was born. The Progressive movement was based in the urban middle class and focused on the improvement of society, the economy, and politics. Yet, the movement was not unified. Each reform group of the era had a separate goal that they would focus on. Each president also had a separate visionRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age1455 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the progressive era there were many reform movements due to the abundance of political, social, and economical corruption in America in the gilded age as seen by political machines like William Marcy tweed and American financiers like J.P. Morgan. Some of the many issues that made themselves present in t he gilded age include the large wealth gap, child labor, women’s lack of rights, influx of immigrants, Urbanization, Indian wars, monopolists, political machines, and alcoholism. All ofRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Challenges Of The Progressive Era1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gilded Age was associated with many difficulties - unprecedented fortunes and poverty, urban squalor, unhygienic food production, and other issues – that many Americans were left to deal with. In the early 1900s, â€Å"widespread dissatisfaction with new trends in American society spurred the Progressive Era, named for the various ‘progressive’ movements that attracted various constituencies around various reforms† (Andrew et al. 1). This new era was the age in which people tried to solve problemsRead MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 PagesWar, America enters the Gilded Age from 1877 till about the 1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Politics, Social Movement, and the Periodization of U.S. History. She argues that the Gilded Age and the Progressive shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Gilded Age And Progressive Era1108 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Throughout the history of time, people named certain time periods based on the events that occurred. People considered the time from the 1890s to 1916 as a shift of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era when many things changed dramatically. The â€Å"Gilded Age† was the time of innovation, invention, and rapid growth, but the presence of monopolies sprouted everywhere in American’s economy and led to social inequalities. Then the Progressive Era responded toRead MoreThe Vibrant and Unpredictable Era of the Gilded Age1050 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gilded Age was one of the most vibrant and unpredictable eras in the history of America. It brought about a new wave of industrial and economic opportunities that allowed some to build massive businesses and fortunes, while other lower and middle class citizens struggled to survive. Some would go as far to say it created a war between the classes across American societies. Giants of industry, such as Andrew Carnegie and J ohn D. Rockefeller, revolutionized how big business led to the riseRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Gilded Age915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gilded Age, was a brief period in American history, from the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s, where there was a rapid economic growth as the industry expanded, generating groundbreaking opportunities for individuals. At its triumph peak, society was perceived from the outside that the new era of Americans was prosperous, however, conspicuous consumption and luxury masked corruption and the fact that a majority of people were suffering. Like gilded gold, the outside looks exemplary, but much like

Should Jack the Ripper be taught in Ks3 today free essay sample

I am sure you have heard of the unidentified murderer dubbed with the name ‘Jack the Ripper’ who was active around the Whitechapel area of London in 1888. He was well known for killing 5 female prostitutes, the victims were all killed at about the same time and place which led the police to think it was a serial killer. ‘Jack’ was pictured as being a middle aged man living his life alone and wearing a long black coat to cover up any blood stains seeing as he only killed in public places. Still, today investigations have not gone far enough to reveal who was behind the spine chilling name of Jack the ripper, which reflected the violence of the murders. From my perspective I don’t think Jack the Ripper should be taught in ks3 for many reasons, although I do understand why we learn about it today, in the 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Jack the Ripper be taught in Ks3 today? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It seems that even today, everybody has heard of him and his horrific deeds. The Whitechapel murders are still taught to children in schools, but why? The main cause for this continued fascination is the fact that the true identity of the Ripper has never been determined. Firstly the disturbing pictures and unpleasant stories are the reasons to why I feel as if Jack the ripper shouldn’t be taught. By exposing these images to young minds, children could have varied thoughts or interpretations. Also Jack the Ripper only tells a small proportion of the history from that specific era which could lead to us having the wrong views on that era. And finally public health (another topic ) should be taught separately because Jack the ripper has no relevance to it, and pupils learning about these two topics may find it extremely puzzling, and jumble them up. Of course there is another side to this debate, being that Jack the Ripper should be taught in KS3. ’ After all it is part of history , no matter how gruesome the facts are. Once again there are many points to why we actually learn about Jack the ripper today in our schools. One being it helps us to understand how society has changed by showing a lot of public attitudes eg: the public blamed religious groups for the graffiti and the rich believed it must have been one of the poor who was jack the ripper, showing the divide between these two classes. Also because the victims were prostitutes they were not considered that important. Furthermore it’s good to see evidence so we can actually experience it ourselves rather than being told because by analysing things ourselves, it will help us in the future. And finally historical figures like Jack the Ripper should not be forgotten even if the stories were graphic , because they made history. If they weren’t remembered we wouldn’t be able to learn about our past, we would be stuck in the future. In conclusion I feel fairly strong about my opinion because of the reasons given. Jack the Ripper was a figure in history but not one required to be learnt about, in the same way that todays serial killers will not form part of our history in the future . Therefore Jack the Ripper should not have to be taught in KS3.

Save the World free essay sample

There are heroes every day in this world. A hero can be anything from Jumping in front of a truck to save a little girl or changing the worlds perspective on how to go th rough rough times. A hero to me is anyone who can put a smile on a strangers face and someone who has all of my respect for doing this is Ellen Degeneres. Yes, she is famo and has lots of nice things but the part of her I like the best about her is her selflessn ess for humanity. Ellen has exercised the term Pay it forward a daily task. A few examples o eroism include her recent assistance to a new library for the homeless kids in Las V egas, giving a less fortunate family a roofto live under, making a cancer patients wish com e true by inviting her on the show, Korematsus brave heroism involving WWII, and her dedi cation to make the world aware of her kindness. We will write a custom essay sample on Save the World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of Ellens most recent contributions is the amazing new library at Whitney Elementary in Las Vegas. Ellens show made a $100,000 donation to a school of 610 poor and homeless children as part of a library makeover program sponsored by Tar get and the Heart of America Foundation (Wingert). The kids were excited to receive a akeover at their library including apple computers, pads and 2,000 new books. Elle ns heroism supports many foundations in many various ways including a recent contrib ution to the make wish come true foundation. Ellen will do Just about anything Just to inspire an individual. Ellen has put through a numerous of stories that show her random act of kindness. A good example is with J odi Fisher who was diagnosed with cancer and one of her dreams was to be a guest on Ellens talk show. The second Ellen heard about Jodis dream, she knew she had to ma ke this wish come true and thats exactly what she did.

Study Of Shore Crab Response To Intertidal Stimuli Essays

Study Of Shore Crab Response To Intertidal Stimuli INTRODUCTION- Since its itroduction to the New Jersey shore in 1988, the western Pacific shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus has spread to inhabit rocky intertidal locations along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to North Carolina (McDermott 1998). Many reasons have been proposed to explain the rapid spread of this non-indiginous species. For example, it has been shown that H. sanguineus has longer spawning periods along the mid-Atlantic coast than it does in its natural habitat in the western Pacific Ocean, due to a more favorable climate (Epifanio et al 1998). For this reason, these crabs are able to spawn more times per season than indigenous crabs, providing one possible hypothesis for their population explotion. For this species to expand its range along the Atlantic coast, it will need to have wide tolerances to temperature and salinity. In 1998 Epifanio found that The purpose of this study is to show the tolerance and behavioral responses of H. sanguineus to varying water and air temperatures, and water salinity concentrations. It is believed that these crabs will be very tolerant to the various extreme conditions that they will be put through. It is the ability of these crabs to survive in these unfavorable situations that is key to their success. This experiment was also designed to prove the hypothesis that the tolerance of H. sanguineus to various environmental factors increases with size. METHODS AND MATERIALS- In February 2000, a field trip was taken to Crane Neck Point to collect live specimens for the experiment. The field trip was conducted at low tide. The water temperature was approximately 3 degrees Celcius, with the air temperature slightly above freezing (0-1 degree Celcius). Live crabs were obtained by overturning rocks in the intertidal zone. Hemigrapsus sanguineus was found at all levels of the intertidal zone, although their numbers increased as one moved toward the waterline. The crabs were collected with no distinction toward size. The sizes of the specimens collected were found to range from 0.5 to 4.2 cm. The crabs were collected in a plastic five gallon bucket. Water was added to the bucket to keep the crabs from dehydrating. The crabs were taken back to the lab, where they were kept in the plastic five gallon buckets for a few weeks until the experiment began. Air hoses were added to the buckets in order to oxygenate the water. The water was changed, as necessary. The first experiment conducted was the experiment regarding water temperature and salinity tolerances. The objective was to conduct an experiment that would provide measurable data on the tolerance of H. sanguineus in various water salinities, over a range of temperatures. To conduct this experiment, 8 one gallon acrylic tanks were obtained. Four were used for the cold temperature experiment, and four were used for the room temperature experiment. Next, water of varying salinities were produced. We started with seawater that had a salinity of 30 parts per thousand. To obtain water with a salinity of 15 parts per thousand, the sea water was slowly diluted by adding tap water. The water was added slowly, and frequently checked with a salinity refractometer until the desired salinity of 15 parts per thousand was obtained. The water was further diluted, using the method above, to obtain the 5 parts per thousand water. To obtain the water with a salinity of 40 parts per thousand, the 30 parts per thousand sea water was again used, but this time was left uncovered as to allow for water evaporation. After several days, and frequent testing with the salinity refractometer, the water had a salinity of 40 parts per thousand. The containers of water were covered with plastic wrap, as to prevent evaporation, and keep the salinities constant. In additional a layer of mesh was used to cover the top of each container, to prevent the crabs from escaping (Figure 1). Four of the containers were left to stand at 25 degrees Celcius, while the remaining four were placed in the deli case at a temperature of 5 degrees Celcius. An air hose was added to each of the containers, in order to oxygenate the water. Ten crabs, of a varying range of sizes, were added to each container. The crabs, once again, ranged in size from 0.5 - 4.2 cm. In the first trial 15 fish food pellets were added to each container in order to provide the crabs with food, and hopefully reduce cannibalism. This was repeated a second an third

How to Write a Sample Essay for Middle School Students

How to Write a Sample Essay for Middle School StudentsAre you struggling to write a sample essay for middle school students? If so, then you are not alone.The first thing that you must understand is that there are generally two types of essays that are used in high school and college. These types of essays are essay or report writing and academic writing.There are many ways to write an essay. The first way to write an essay is to first decide what the focus of the essay will be. In this case, you may choose to write about your favorite team, a recent movie you have seen, or even your personality.You will then write the body of the essay as well as a few paragraphs that add to the main idea. As you read these parts, you will be able to pick up on what is most important to you about the topic that you are writing about. This can help you when it comes time to edit.When it comes to academic writing, you will write the essay in class. In this case, the essay is more structured than writi ng a report or sports essay. When you are writing an essay in class, you will make sure that you use many different types of diction and style.The essay will have many parts, some of which may be purely factual, while others will be presented as opinion. These sections are called 'extra' sections. You will find that you must decide which section you want to present the opinion in.Another challenge that middle school students face is how to express themselves when they are writing. Students tend to show their opinions through written words more than they do in speaking their thoughts out loud. The reason for this is that it is more embarrassing to say something in person than it is to type it.The problem with writing essays for middle school students is that the writing style is informal. Many children feel that the essay format is too formal for them to use. However, if you utilize this method of writing, you can ease the process of editing out any typos or other errors that may cro p up.

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript The  dollar sign ($)  and the  underscore  (_) characters are JavaScript identifiers, which just means that they identify an object in the same way a name would.  The  objects they identify include things such as variables, functions, properties, events, and objects. For this reason, these characters are not treated  the same way as other special symbols. Instead, JavaScript treats  $  and  _  as if they were  letters of the alphabet. A JavaScript identifier  - again, just a name for any object  - must start with a lower or upper case letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also include digits (0-9).  Anywhere that an alphabetic character is allowed in JavaScript, 54 possible letters are available: any lowercase letter (a through z), any uppercase letter (A through Z), $ and _. The Dollar ($) Identifier The dollar sign is commonly used as a shortcut to the function document.getElementById(). Because this function is fairly verbose and used frequently in JavaScript, the $ has long been used as its alias, and  many of the libraries available for use with JavaScript create a  $()  function that references an element from the DOM if you pass it the id of that element. There is nothing about $ that requires it to be used this way, however. But it has been the convention, although there is nothing in the language to enforce it. The dollar sign $ was chosen for the function name by the first of these libraries because it is a short one-character word, and $  was least likely to be used by itself as a function name and therefore the least likely to clash with other code in the page. Now multiple libraries are providing their own version of the $() function, so many now provide the option to turn off that definition in order to avoid clashes.   Of course,  you dont need to use a library to be able to use $(). All you need to substitute $() for document.getElementById() is to add a definition of the $() function to your code as follows: function $(x) {return document.getElementById(x);} The Underscore _ Identifier   A convention has also developed regarding the use of _, which is frequently used to preface the name of an objects property or method that is private. This is a quick and easy way to immediately identify a private class member, and it is so widely used, that almost every programmer will recognize it. This is particularly useful in JavaScript since defining fields as private or public is done without the use of the  private and public keywords (at least this is true in the versions of JavaScript used in web browsers - JavaScript 2.0 does allow these keywords). Note that again, as with $, the use of _ is merely a convention and is not enforced by JavaScript itself. As far as JavaScript is concerned, $ and _ are just ordinary letters of the alphabet. Of course, this special treatment of $ and _  applies only within JavaScript itself. When you test for alphabetic characters in the data, they are treated as special characters no different from any of the other special characters.

Critique of a Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Critique of a Research Report - Essay Example Substantive and Theoretical Dimension: The relocation of patients is a serious issue that causes different impacts on residents and their families. Also, the relocation of patients causes changes in clinical outcomes, influencing the perceptions of residents in a negative manner. This is a crucial issue that must be addressed by nursing home administrators. A large number of residents rely on nursing home facilities to treat critical health conditions. Their relocation to other facilities greatly impact their perceptions and thoughts towards nursing home facilities (Loiselle, McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010). But in this study, the researchers have not pinpointed any clear significant importance of the study, nor have they backed up this weakness with a justification. â€Å"A framework is the overall conceptual underpinnings of a study. Not every study is based on a theory or model, but every study has a framework – a theoretical rationale† (Loiselle & McGrath, 2011, pg. 1 29). The conceptual framework of this study is based on the views of residents who have experienced nursing home relocation and changes in clinical system. ... The research question and adopted method is well balanced, as the study aims to explore the impact of nursing home relocation on residents and families. To this end, the authors have robustly examined the sample taken from the 120 residents of a nursing home. However, it is apparent that the researchers have not alluded to any relevant theory that could have assisted their understanding in general outcomes of relocation decisions (Loiselle, McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010). However, other nursing articles demonstrate that the theoretical frameworks of the researches are primarily based on grounded theory methodology. Defined as a type of study that focuses on an evolving social experience- the social and psychological stages and phases that characterize a particular event or episode (Loiselle & McGrath, 2011, pg. 44). For instance, Yeboah (2009) study clearly shows that grounded theory was used to derive out another relevant theory in order, to study the relationship between relocation to nursing homes and its impact on the residents. Similarly, Meleis (2010) study shows that transition theory has been derive out through grounded theory methodology in order, to study the bond between transition event and nursing perceptions. Additionally, the studies including books and journals used by Hoffman, Capezuti and Norman seem quite relevant and useful as a number of nursing studies have been used as a reference. But, critically it has observed that authors have not aimed to overcome the shortcomings of the previous studies closely related to the subject matter. Although it is considered important to highlight the weaknesses of previous studies and then present a new one with advancements and improvements (Loiselle & McGrath, 2011) it is not totally incorrect

Ratio analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ratio analysis - Coursework Example Assets turnover ratio measures the amount of revenue generated from assets owned by the company. A decreasing trend because of reducing sales implies that promotions and advertising of sales must be done (Gibson and Gibson 187). The debt to income ratio measures the level of total income to that of total assets of the company. The company’s increasing ratio of 0.01% means that the both assets and sales are on the rise. Debt to equity ratio increases in the current year which means a lesser risk to the potential shareholders of the company. The investment potential of the company is safer for the likely investors. Competitors in the same industry are competing fairly with the company. The higher the higher the interest cover means improved ability of the company to pay its obligations. The company has enough chance to bear the amount of its prevailing finance cost. From its assets turnover ratio, the company is not optimizing the use of its assets. The company cannot generate more sales with any fewer assets. Decreasing asset turnover ratio means a negative impact on the return on equity (Gibson and Gibson

Critically evaluate the theories that attempt to explain why women Essay

Critically evaluate the theories that attempt to explain why women continue to suffer disadvantage in the employment relationship - Essay Example The majority of women are employed in low skilled jobs, and the manner of their dealings with employers is not subject to protections presented by competitive forces within the labour market. Majority of women at the work place are exposed to unfair dealings and outcomes with companies (Colgan & Ledwith 2002, p. 172). Their bargaining power is unequal compared to the firm due to lack of protection. This system works unfairly to women even as nonmarket mechanisms try to provide some form of protection to them. Since early 1800 there have always been legislations meant to protect female workers. This includes prohibition from working in certain occupations, hours of work and compulsory maternity leave. Consequently, firms responded by either substituting female labour or lowering their wages to cater for the costs. Critics observe that protective policies stand in the way of women in their bid to compete with men for high paying jobs (Brown et al 2009, p.151). The paper addresses a range of theories which have been put forward to explain the position women occupy in employment. These theories including radical feminism, Marxist feminism and liberal feminism share some things in common. Apart from postmodernists, labour market segmentation and human capital model the proponents assume human behaviour is determined biologically. On the contrary knowledge from social sciences asser ts that as much as people shape society, the society too shapes people. This is to say that the mainstream feminist theories consider women in employment relations in terms of sex as opposed to gender. This theory puts much emphasis on the need for human agency as opposed to social structure, in suggesting improvement and explaining women’s position. According to the theory it is vital that both individuals and legislation are subjected to change. However, the behavioural change among people is given much emphasis. The equality between man and women is

Controversial Advertising Essay -- Subversive Advertising Media Market

Introduction Advertising texts and images seem to be the most visible and ubiquitous icons of consumer society. The Advertising industry indeed has simultaneously become one of the most powerful and apparently most uncritical institutions of today as well as this, people seemingly have accepted billboard advertising as an usual part of their environment. Nevertheless there sometimes develop certain advertising campaigns undergoing general ideas about what ads are supposed to show and they hence provoke controversial public debates. So called controversial advertising has often been claimed to somehow subvert conventional advertising’s practice by the audiences, justice, advertisers, companies, advertising industry’s self regulating institutions and so forth. This now rises the question how far industrial advertising as an institution that has to promote consuming goods, can be subversive. This essay will work out, that advertising hardly can be subversive, because it is to much characterised by its function. It nevertheless firstly is necessary to formulate a working-definition of subversion, a notion that has been used in very different senses, before two example-cases of controversial advertising can be investigated. The integration of ad-alien contents within the Benetton-campaign then will be analysed as a form of aesthetic subversion to subsequently question exactly the image’s ad-alien and supposed subversive form and content. Thus, it will be shown that Benetton’s subversive potentials are overshadowed by their functions as advertisements. This works second part will look at two campaigns developed for French Connection. By investigating two campaigns it will be shown that the only form of subversion that might be claimed for advertising could possibly be described as a temporary phenomenon of charming subversion. Controversial advertising : subversive avant-garde or variations of conformity? The notion „subversiveâ€Å" has been associated with political issues and revolutionary activities intending to change the entire political, economic and hence societal order by slowly destroying the present system from its core. Simultaneously the notion has been used in a less ubiquitous sense, that might be more appropriate for this work’s purpose. Vogel for example in Film as a Subversive Art established the notions of Subversion of Form and Subve... ...ox, Henri, A. (1994): Disturbing Pleasures - Learning Popular Culture. London, Routledge. Jà ¤ckel, Michael (2002)(no title given) URL: http://www.uni-trier.de/uni/fb4/soziologie/faecher/amk/folien/ss02/folien4_m.pdf (Visited 12.12.03) McLuhan, Marshall (1968): Die magischen Kanà ¤le. Understanding Media. Dà ¼sseldorf, Wien: Verlag der Kunst. McLuhan, Newton P. (1996) Care Fakers URL: http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/02.01.96/corp-care-9605.html (Visited 12.12.03) Tinic, Serra A. (1997): Unitied Colors and United Meanings: Benetton and The Commodification of Social Issues. URL: http://joc.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/47/3/3.pdf (Visited 12.12.03) Toscani, Oliviero (1995): Die Werbung ist ein là ¤chelndes Aas. Kà ¶ln: Bollmann. Vogel, Amos (1997): Film als Subversive Kunst. Kino wider die Tabus -von Eisenstein bis Kubrick. St. Andrà ¤-Wà ¶rdern: Hannibal. White, Roderick (2000): Advertising. Fourth Edition. Glasgow: McGraw-Hill. Wilson, Neil (1995): A Study Of The Relationship Between Benetton And Its Franchisees And The Impact A Controversial Campaign Can Have On The Association And On Company Sale. Aberystwyth: University of Wales, Centre for Business Studies.

Georgia Atlantic Company Essay

During the depression of the 1930s, Ben Jenkins, Sr., a wealthy, expansion-oriented lumberman whose family had been in the lumber business in the southeastern United States for several generations, began to acquire small, depressed sawmills and wholesale lumber companies. These businesses prospered during World War II. After the war, Jenkins anticipated that the demand for lumber would surge, so he aggressively sought new timberlands to supply his sawmills. In 1954, all of Jenkins’s companies were consolidated, along with some other independent lumber and milling companies, into a single corporation, the Georgia Atlantic Company. By the end of 1992, Georgia Atlantic was a major force in the lumber industry, though not one of the giants. Still, it possessed more timber and timberlands in relation to its use of timber than any other lumber company. Worldwide demand for lumber was strong in spite of a soft world economy, and its timber supply should have put Georgia Atlantic in a good position. With its assured supply of pulpwood, the company could run its mills at a steady rate and, thus, at a low per-unit production cost. However, the company does not have sufficient manufacturing capacity to fully utilize its timber supplies; so it has been forced to sell raw timber to other lumber companies to generate cash flow, losing potential profits in the process. Georgia Atlantic has enjoyed rapid growth in both sales and assets. This rapid growth has, however, caused some financial problems as indicated in Table 1. The condensed balance sheets shown in the table reveal that Georgia Atlantic’s financial leverage has increased substantially in the last 10 years, while the firm’s liquidity position markedly deteriorated over the same period. Remember, though, that the balance sheet figures reflect historical costs, and that the market values of the assets could be much higher than the values shown on the balance sheet. For example, Georgia Atlantic purchased 10,000 acres of cut timberland in southern Georgia in 1961 for $10 per acre, then planted trees which are now mature. The value of this acreage and its timber is estimated at $2,750 per acre, even though it is shown on the firm’s balance sheet at $230 per acre, the original $10 plus capitalized planting costs. Note also that this particular asset and others like it have produced zero accounting income; indeed, expenses associated with this acreage have produced accounting losses. When Georgia Atlantic was originally organized, most of the outstanding stock was owned by the senior Jenkins and members of his family. Over time, however, the family’s ownership position has gradually declined due to the sale of new common stock to fund expansion. In 1987, Ben Jenkins, Sr. died; the presidency of the firm was passed to his son, Ben Jenkins, Jr., who was 61 at the time. By the end of 1992, the Jenkins family held only about 35 percent of Georgia Atlantic’s common stock, and this represented essentially their entire net worth. The family has sought to finance the firm’s growth with internally generated funds to the greatest extent possible. Hence, Georgia Atlantic has never declared a cash dividend, nor has it had a stock dividend or a stock split. Due to the plowback of earnings, the stock currently sells for almost $2,000 per share. The family has stated a strong belief that investors prefer low-payout stocks because of their tax advantages, and they also think that stock dividends and stock splits serve no useful purpose—they merely create more pieces of paper but no incremental value for shareholders. Finally, the family feels that higher-priced stocks are more attractive to investors because the percentage brokerage commissions on small purchases of higher-priced stocks are lower than on large purchases of lower-priced shares. They cite the example of Berkshire-Hathaway, whose stock price has risen phenomenally even though it now sells for over $15,000 per share and pays no dividends. (The family does acknowledge, though, that Warren Buffett, Berkshire’s chairman, has done a superb job of managing the company’s assets, and that the rise of its stock price reflects that factor as well as Buffett’s financial policies.) As the date for Georgia Atlantic’s annual stockholders’ meeting approached, Mary Goalshen, the corporate secretary, informed Ben Jenkins, Jr., who is commonly called â€Å"Junior† at the company, that an unusually low number of shareholders had sent in their proxies. Goalshen felt that this might be due to rising discontent over the firm’s dividend policy. During the last two years, the average payout for firms in the paper and forest products industry has been about 35 percent; yet for the 58th straight year, Georgia Atlantic’s board, under the Jenkins family’s dominance, chose not to pay a dividend in 1992. The Jenkins family was also aware that several reports in the financial press in recent months indicated that Georgia Atlantic was a possible target of a takeover attempt. Since the family did not want to lose control of the company, they were anxious to keep the firm’s stockholders as happy as possible. Accordingly, Junior announced that the directors would hold a special meeting immediately after the annual meeting to consider whether the firm’s dividend policy should be changed. Junior instructed Abe Markowitz, Georgia Atlantic’s financial vice president, to identify and then evaluate alternative dividend policies in preparation for the special board meeting. He asked Markowitz to consider cash dividends, stock dividends, and stock splits. Markowitz then identified six proposals that he thought deserved further consideration: (1) No Cash Dividends, No Stock Dividend or Split. This was the position Markowitz was certain that Junior and the family would support, both for the reasons given above and also because he thought the company, as evidenced by the balance sheet, was in no position to pay cash dividends. (2) Immediate Cash Dividend, but No Stock Dividend or Split. This was simply the opposite of the no dividend policy. If a cash dividend policy were instituted, its size would still be an issue. (3) Immediate Cash Dividend plus a Large Stock Split. The stock split would be designed to lower the price of the firm’s stock from its current price of almost $2,000 per share to somewhere in the average price range of other large forest products stocks, or from $20 to $40 per share. (4) Immediate Cash Dividend plus a Large Stock Dividend. The reasoning underlying this policy would be essentially the same as that of Alternative 3. (5) Cash Dividend, Stock Split, and Periodic Stock Dividends. This policy would require the company to declare an immediate cash dividend and, simultaneously, to announce a sizable stock split. This policy would go further than Alternatives 3 and 4 in that, after the cash dividend and stock split or large stock dividend, the company would periodically declare smaller stock dividends equal in value to the earnings retained during the period. In effect, if the firm earned $3 per share in any given period-quarter, semi-annual period, and so on—and retained $1.50 per share, the company would also declare a stock dividend of a percentage amount equal to $1.50 divided by the market price of the stock. Thus, if the firm’s shares were selling for $30 when the cash dividend was paid, a 5 percent stock dividend would be declared. (6) Share Repurchase Plan. This plan is based on the premise that investors in the aggregate would like to see the company distribute some cash, but that some stockholders would not want to receive cash dividends because they want to minimize their taxes. Under the repurchase plan, individual stockholders could decide for themselves whether or not to sell some or all of their hares and thus to realize some cash and some capital gains, depending on their own situations. To begin his evaluation, Markowitz collected the data shown in Tables 2 and 3. As he was looking over these figures, Markowitz wondered what effect, if any, Georgia Atlantic’s dividend policy had on the company’s stock price as compared to the prices of other stocks. Markowitz is also aware of one other issue, but it is one that neither he nor anyone else has had the nerve to bring up. Junior is now 66 years old, which is hardly ancient; but he is in poor health, and in recent years he has been almost obsessed with the idea of avoiding taxes. Further, the federal estate tax rate is currently 60 percent, and additional state estate taxes would be due; so well over half of Junior’s net worth as of the date of his death will have to be paid out in estate taxes. Since estate taxes are based on the value of the estate on the date of death, to minimize his estate’s taxes, Junior might not want the value of the company to be maximized until after his death. Markowitz does not know Junior’s view of this, but he does know that his tax advisors have thought it through and have explained it to him. Finally, Markowitz knows that several Wall Street firms have been analyzing Georgia Atlantic’s â€Å"breakup value,† or the value of the company if it were broken up and sold in pieces. He has heard breakup value estimates as high as $3,500 per share, primarily because other lumber companies, including Japanese and European companies, are eager to buy prime properties such as those owned by Georgia Atlantic. Of course, Georgia Atlantic could sell assets on its own, but Markowitz does not expect that to happen as long as Junior is in control. Now assume that you are an outside consultant and have been hired by Abe Markowitz to help him with the analysis and make a presentation to the executive committee. First, Abe is not sure whether an announced dividend policy is a good idea. He believes an announced policy could cause the firm to feel forced to take actions that otherwise would be undesirable. He has also expressed concern about signaling and clientele effects. As old man Jenkins used to say, â€Å"If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.† Thus, analyze the firm’s present dividend policy to determine how well the company has performed compared to other firms in the industry before discussing the implications of the alternative dividend policies and making a recommendation. Markowitz also wants you to discuss whether the firm’s historical rate of return on investment has been affected by its dividend policy, the estate tax issue, and the takeover issue. Junior is famous for asking tough questions and then crucifying the person being questioned if he or she has trouble responding. That is probably why Markowitz wants you to make the presentation. So be sure that you thoroughly understand the issues and your answers so that you can handle any follow-up questions that you might receive.